Consequences of weight cycling in obese spontaneously hypertensive rats

Ernsberger, Paul; Koletsky, Richard J.; Baskin, Jon S.; Collins, Laura A.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.4.r864

Cited by 34 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Therefore, some patients choose to starve occasionally rather than follow an energy-deficient diet regularlyFa fact that maintains the weight loss-regain cycle. Recurrent weight losses and weight cycling have been proposed to exacerbate obesity by increasing metabolic efficiency both in animals 29 and in humans. 13 A small experiment on five normal-weight female subjects showed that two consecutive weight cycles of 4 kg lead to significant decreases in lean body mass, serum tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations, and in resting energy expenditure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

et al. 2011

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Objective: To investigate whether the paradoxical weight gain associated with dieting is better related to genetic propensity to weight gain than to the weight loss episodes themselves. Subjects: Subjects included 4129 individual twins from the population-based FinnTwin16 study (90% of twins born in Finland 1975(90% of twins born in Finland -1979. Weight and height were obtained from longitudinal surveys at 16, 17, 18 and 25 years, and number of lifetime intentional weight loss (IWL) episodes of more than 5 kg at 25 years. Results: IWLs predicted accelerated weight gain and risk of overweight. The odds of becoming overweight (body mass index (BMI)X25 kg m À2 ) by 25 years were significantly greater in subjects with one (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.6, and OR 2.7, 1.7-4.3 in males and females, respectively), or two or more (OR 2.0, 1.3-3.3, and OR 5.2, 3.2-8.6, in males and females, respectively), IWLs compared with subjects with no IWL. In MZ pairs discordant for IWL, co-twins with at least one IWL were 0.4 kg m À2 (P ¼ 0.041) heavier at 25 years than their non-dieting co-twins (no differences in baseline BMIs). In DZ pairs, co-twins with IWLs gained progressively more weight than non-dieting co-twins (BMI difference 1.7 kg m À2 at 16 years and 2.2 kg m À2 at 25 years, Po0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that frequent IWLs reflect susceptibility to weight gain, rendering dieters prone to future weight gain. The results from the MZ pairs discordant for IWLs suggest that dieting itself may induce a small subsequent weight gain, independent of genetic factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

et al. 2011

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“…13 Similar to our findings for non-obese individuals, in a population of non-obese workers, Itoh et al 16 found no association between weight cycling and hypertension. Potential biological mechanisms by which weight cycling might be linked to hypertension shown in animal studies include abdominal fat accumulation and sympathetic activity, 27 as well as stress caused by rapid fluctuations in weight. 28 We used a strict definition of weight cycling, applying the information we had on intentionality of short-term weight change, since intentionality of weight change has been shown to be associated with health behaviour 29 and disease risk.…”

Section: Short-term Weight Change and Hypertension M Schulz Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of short-term weight changes and weight cycling with incidence of essential hypertension in the EPIC-Potsdam Study

et al. 2004

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The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of short-term weight gain, weight loss, and weight cycling on the odds of developing hypertension. Normotensive middle-aged German men and women (n ¼ 12 362) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam Study were assigned to categories of 2-year short-term weight changes that were self-reported to have occurred prior to recruitment into the study (gain only, loss only, weight cycling, stable). After 2 years of follow-up after recruitment, 180 cases of incident essential hypertension were identified. In logistic regression models, odds ratios were estimated for the associations between short-term weight changes and risk of developing hypertension. Obesity status (BMIX30 or BMIo30 kg/m 2 ) modified the associations between short-term weight change and incidence of diagnosed hypertension. Among obese individuals, short-term weight gain occurring during the 2 years prior to recruitment (OR ¼ 2.79, 95% CI 1.19-6.56), weight loss (OR ¼ 6.74, 95% CI 2.58-17.6) and weight cycling (OR ¼ 4.29, 95% CI 1.55-11.9) were strongly positively associated with incident hypertension, adjusted for age and gender, compared to obese individuals with short-term stable weight. No significant associations between short-term weight changes and risk of diagnosed hypertension were detected among non-obese individuals. Short-term weight changes appeared to present strong risk factors for developing hypertension among obese individuals. The effect seen for weight cycling supports the hypothesis that weight cycling increases the risk of hypertension. The finding for short-term weight loss may be explained by subsequent weight regain and needs further investigation.

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“…[1][2][3] There have been several animal studies that have shown that hypertension can be caused or exacerbated by cycles of fasting and refeeding. [4][5][6][7] Initially, during the fast, there is a reduction in blood pressure. This reduction was shown, in one study, to be related to the nutritional state as opposed to the actual weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the fast of Ramadan on ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives

et al. 2001

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Every year, millions of Moslems throughout the world fast from sunrise till sunset daily during the month of Ramadan, that is, experience repeated cycles of fastingrefeeding. Studies in animal models have shown that repeated cycles of fasting-refeeding may cause or exacerbate hypertension. Changes in sleeping patterns as well as changes in medication timing may also influence ambulatory blood pressure. We undertook this study in order to examine the effect of the Ramadan fast on treated hypertensive subjects. Seventeen hypertensive subjects were examined, and 24-h blood pressure monitoring was carried out twice, before and during the last week of the Ramadan. All continued their medications, which were all once-daily preparations. Twenty-

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Consequences of weight cycling in obese spontaneously hypertensive rats

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

Associations of short-term weight changes and weight cycling with incidence of essential hypertension in the EPIC-Potsdam Study

The effect of the fast of Ramadan on ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives

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