Conservation activities in Kaokoveld (north-west Namibia)

Holmes, Tim Q.

doi:10.1007/bf00695917

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The density of wildlife throughout the study region is substantial for such an arid environment (Jacobson et al. , 1995), although the species richness of large mammals is far less than in more densely vegetated, mesic environments (Holmes, 1992; Berger, 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home range and seasonal movements of Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis in the northern Namib Desert

Fennessy

2009

African Journal of Ecology

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Estimates of home range size of giraffe in the northern Namib Desert were on average larger than those in other populations. In particular, the largest individual home range of any giraffe bull (1950 km 2 ) was recorded -correlated with low population density, reduced forage density and increased searching for receptive cows. The predominant pattern of movement was linear, along the riparian environments, however, large-scale irregular movements into tributaries and other areas were also recorded. Smallscale movements by bulls into the mountains above the Hoarusib River as well as by cows into the northern tributaries of the Hoanib River were observed. Seasonal movements of giraffe were not as distinctive as those in other giraffe populations. Small-scale habitat segregation was observed in the Hoarusib River study area with giraffe cows foraging only in the Gomatum River during the hotdry season. The first ever study of GPS satellite collared giraffe provided some of the highest resolution data on giraffe movements to date, including strong biphasic movement behaviour of giraffe over 24-h periods. RésuméLes estimations de la taille du domaine vital des girafes du nord du désert du Namib furent en général plus grandes que celles des autres populations. En particulier, on a enregistré le plus grand domaine vital individuel pour une girafe mâle (1950 km 2 ) -lié avec une faible densité de population, une densité de nourriture réduite et une recherche accrue de femelles réceptives. Le schéma de déplacement dominant était linéaire, le long des environnements riverains, bien que l'on ait aussi enregistré d'importants déplacements irréguliers vers des affluents et vers d'autres régions. Des déplacements de faible ampleur furent aussi observés, de mâles dans les montagnes audessus de la rivière Hoarusib et de femelles vers les affluents plus au nord de la rivière Hoanib. Les déplacements saisonniers des girafes n'étaient pas aussi typiques que ceux d'autres populations de girafes. Une ségrégation de l'habitat à petite échelle fut observée dans la zone d'étude de la rivière Hoarusib, avec des femelles qui ne mangeaient que dans le bassin de la rivière Gomatum pendant la saison chaude et sèche. La première étude jamais réalisée d'une girafe équipée d'un collier àémetteur GPS a fourni certaines des données les plus précises sur les déplacements de girafes à ce jour, y compris un comportement en deux phases de déplacement très nettes par période de 24 heures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home range and seasonal movements of Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis in the northern Namib Desert

Fennessy

2009

African Journal of Ecology

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“…5, Nature Conservation Amendment Act of Nambia) passed in 1996 that allowed the formation of communal conservancies, areas of customary land tenure in which local communities were granted the rights to benefits derived from natural resources such as wildlife and plant products (Barnes et al 2002). The programme followed on pioneering work in north-west Namibia by individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who had developed a programme of investing local community game guards with the protection of endangered wildlife such as the black rhino (Diceros bicornis) (Holmes 1992). Since its inception, the CBNRM programme has stressed the devolution of benefits and management responsibilities to local communities, and has operated to support communities in empowering themselves via natural resource management (NACSO [Namibian Association of Community Based Natural Resource Management Support Organizations] 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Namibia's community-based natural resource management programme: an unrecognized payments for ecosystem services scheme

Naidoo

Weaver²,

Longcamp

et al. 2011

Envir. Conserv.

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SUMMARYPayments for ecosystem services (PES) programmes are widely recognized as novel and innovative mechanisms that seek to promote the conservation of biodiversity while simultaneously improving human livelihoods. A number of national-level PES programmes have made significant contributions to advancing knowledge of these mechanisms. Namibia's community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) programme effectively operates as one such large-scale PES programme, making it one of the world's longest-standing schemes. In this review, Namibia's CBNRM scheme is compared and contrasted with the formal definition of a PES programme, some of the outcomes that the programme has produced illustrated by examples, and the challenges that must still be faced identified. Most of the requirements for a PES programme are present in Namibia's CBNRM programme, and when it does not meet these criteria, it is not exceptional. Notwithstanding the increases in wildlife populations and financial benefits that have been associated with the programme, a major challenge going forward revolves around diversifying the number of services produced. Namibia's CBNRM programme has much to contribute to the design of large-scale PES schemes.

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“…Although none of the deproclaimed desert areas is fully protected as a formal reserve, they maintain high herbivore diversity (Holmes 1992); beginning in late 1993, local harvest of large mammals (but not rhinos) has been permitted. During the last 25 years proposals have surfaced at least three times suggesting that portions of the northern or central Namib Desert should be set aside as reserves that include local people (Owen-Smith 1972;Carter 1989;Damaraland Kings Council 1992).…”

Section: Rhinos and Land Reform In The Namib Desertmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Constraints Associated with the Use of Black Rhinos as an Umbrella Species for Desert Herbivores

Berger

1997

Conservation Biology

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The numerous tactics used to conserve biodiversity include the designation of protected areas, political change, and research and education, the latter involving paradigms such as insular biogeography and the “umbrella species concept.” In Namibia lands removed from national park status in 1970 and currently under the jurisdiction of indigenous people now contain one of the few unfenced populations of black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) remaining in Africa. Theory predicts that the protection of umbrella species will ensure the survival of other biota that require(s) less space. To gauge how well biodiversity might be retained by examining the spatial needs of a small population of black rhinos, I used data gathered under various ecological conditions to estimate mean and minimum population sizes of six large herbivores of the Namib Desert ranging in size from giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) to springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) and ostrich (Struthio camelus). My results indicate that annual differences in rainfall, both within and between seasons, resulted in wide fluctuations in herbivore population sizes for all species except rhino. Although other herbivores switched to areas of higher rainfall, rhinos did not. The data suggest that under conditions of extreme environmental variance the space used by rhinos alone was unlikely to assure the existence of populations of other species in excess of 250 individuals. Fifty percent of the species failed to exceed 150 individuals 50% of the time and one third of the species never attained populations in excess of 50 individuals. However, by employing assumptions about the spatial needs of rhino populations numbering up to 100 individuals, the mean minimum population sizes attained by any of four desert herbivores is 535. A future challenge in using rhinos and other large‐bodied species as umbrellas for organisms of either similar or dissimilar trophic levels will be the refinement of estimates of population viability.

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Conservation activities in Kaokoveld (north-west Namibia)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Home range and seasonal movements of Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis in the northern Namib Desert

Home range and seasonal movements of Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis in the northern Namib Desert

Namibia's community-based natural resource management programme: an unrecognized payments for ecosystem services scheme

Population Constraints Associated with the Use of Black Rhinos as an Umbrella Species for Desert Herbivores

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