Conservation and Resource Management in a Changing World: Extending Historical Range of Variation Beyond the Baseline

Jackson, Stephen T.

doi:10.1002/9781118329726.ch7

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Although "natural" is a moving target when viewed through the lens of geohistorical records (e.g., Jackson & Hobbs 2009), paleoecological analyses reveal the deep roots of human and natural alteration of landscapes, coastlines, and even the open sea , Jackson 2012a. Such analyses can have direct value for management.…”

Section: Documenting Shifting Baselinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Geohistorical data have also proved helpful to refine the concepts of native and non-native species ( Jackson 1997). For example, pollen data from the Galápagos Islands showed that several presumed non-native plant species that were widespread and difficult to control were in fact native (van Leeuwen et al 2008, Coffey et al 2011.…”

Section: Biological Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It enables inference of past values of the environmental variable from the proxy variable in the deeper (older) sedimentary record. Transfer functions are standard tools in paleoecology but are sometimes subject to considerable error when used to infer past conditions because of the effects of strongly correlating variables on the response function , Saros 2009, Sayer et al 2010, Jackson 2012b. Inability to separate the effects of multiple stressors across an irregularly sampled time series also makes it difficult to determine the key driver or drivers of change (Anderson et al 2006).…”

Section: Proxy Development For Environmental and Biotic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantifying the resolution and fidelity of fully buried fossil assemblages represents another challenge ( Jackson 2012b, Kidwell 2013. Does burial below the uppermost mixed layer of the landscape or seabed simply "freeze in" the qualities of death assemblages?…”

Section: Analysis Of the Near-time Fossil Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation Paleobiology: Leveraging Knowledge of the Past to Inform Conservation and Restoration

Dietl

Kidwell

Brenner

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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218

173

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Humans now play a major role in altering Earth and its biota. Finding ways to ameliorate human impacts on biodiversity and to sustain and restore the ecosystem services on which we depend is a grand scientific and societal challenge. Conservation paleobiology is an emerging discipline that uses geohistorical data to meet these challenges by developing and testing models of how biota respond to environmental stressors. Here we (a) describe how the discipline has already provided insights about biotic responses to key environmental stressors, (b) outline research aimed at disentangling the effects of multiple stressors, (c) provide examples of deliverables for managers and policy makers, and (d ) identify methodological advances in geohistorical analysis that will foster the next major breakthroughs in conservation outcomes. We highlight cases for which exclusive reliance on observations of living biota may lead researchers to erroneous conclusions about the nature and magnitude of biotic change, vulnerability, and resilience. 79 Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2015.43:79-103. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -San Diego on 06/01/15. For personal use only.

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Section: Documenting Shifting Baselinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Biological Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Proxy Development For Environmental and Biotic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of the Near-time Fossil Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Conservation Paleobiology: Leveraging Knowledge of the Past to Inform Conservation and Restoration

Dietl

Kidwell

Brenner

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

Self Cite

218

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the current century, novelty is widespread with nonanalog climates and assemblages dotting (some would say blanketing) the planet (Hobbs et al 2006;Williams & Jackson 2007). And although paleoecology has revealed strong turnover in species composition as a pervasive characteristic of ecosystems (Millar & Brubaker 2006;Jackson 2012), the Conservation Biology Volume 28, No. 3, 2014 coupled nature of individual biota and place remains a key organizing element for conservation, restoration, and preservation.…”

Section: The Limits Of Natural Historiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Natural Practice to Adapt Conservation Goals to Global Change

Heller

Hobbs

2014

Conservation Biology

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Conservation goals at the start of the 21st century reflect a combination of contrasting ideas. Ideal nature is something that is historically intact but also futuristically flexible. Ideal nature is independent from humans, but also, because of the pervasiveness of human impacts, only able to reach expression through human management. These tensions emerge in current management rationales because scientists and managers are struggling to accommodate old and new scientific and cultural thinking, while also maintaining legal mandates from the past and commitments to preservation of individual species in particular places under the stresses of global change. Common management goals (such as integrity, wilderness, resilience), whether they are forward looking and focused on sustainability and change, or backward looking and focused on the persistence and restoration of historic states, tend to create essentialisms about how ecosystems should be. These essentialisms limit the options of managers to accommodate the dynamic, and often novel, response of ecosystems to global change. Essentialisms emerge because there is a tight conceptual coupling of place and historical species composition as an indicator of naturalness (e.g., normal, healthy, independent from humans). Given that change is increasingly the norm and ecosystems evolve in response, the focus on idealized ecosystem states is increasingly unwise and unattainable. To provide more open-ended goals, we propose greater attention be paid to the characteristics of management intervention. We suggest that the way we interact with other species in management and the extent to which those interactions reflect the interactions among other biotic organisms, and also reflect our conservation virtues (e.g., humility, respect), influences our ability to cultivate naturalness on the landscape. We call this goal a natural practice (NP) and propose it as a framework for prioritizing and formulating how, when, and where to intervene in this period of rapid change.

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