Conservation ecology of<i>Primula sieboldii</i>: Synthesis of information toward the prediction of the genetic/demographic fate of a population

Washitani, Izumi; Ishihama, Fumiko; Matsumura, Chizuru; Nagai, Mihoko; Nishihiro, Jun

doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2005.00127.x

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(199 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Numerous management programs worldwide distribute resources in this manner to ensure the persistence of threatened species. Examples of this can be found in many taxonomic groups and range from iconic species such as the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) (Linkie et al 2006) to species such as Gunnison's Sage Grouse (Centrocerus minimus) (Oyler-McCance et al 2001), the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) (Pinto & Rylands 1997), Caribbean staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) (Vollmer & Palumbi 2007), and Japanese woodland primula (Primula sieboldii) (Washitani et al 2005).…”

Section: Resumen: Las Especies Amenazadas a Menudo Existen En Número mentioning

confidence: 99%

Subpopulation Triage: How to Allocate Conservation Effort among Populations

McDonald‐Madden¹,

Baxter²,

Possingham³

2008

Conservation Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Threatened species often exist in a small number of isolated subpopulations. Given limitations on conservation spending, managers must choose from strategies that range from managing just one subpopulation and risking all other subpopulations to managing all subpopulations equally and poorly, thereby risking the loss of all subpopulations. We took an economic approach to this problem in an effort to discover a simple rule of thumb for optimally allocating conservation effort among subpopulations. This rule was derived by maximizing the expected number of extant subpopulations remaining given n subpopulations are actually managed. We also derived a spatiotemporally optimized strategy through stochastic dynamic programming. The rule of thumb suggested that more subpopulations should be managed if the budget increases or if the cost of reducing local extinction probabilities decreases. The rule performed well against the exact optimal strategy that was the result of the stochastic dynamic program and much better than other simple strategies (e.g., always manage one extant subpopulation or half of the remaining subpopulation). We applied our approach to the allocation of funds in 2 contrasting case studies: reduction of poaching of Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and habitat acquisition for San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica). For our estimated annual budget for Sumatran tiger management, the mean time to extinction was about 32 years. For our estimated annual management budget for kit foxes in the San Joaquin Valley, the mean time to extinction was approximately 24 years. Our framework allows managers to deal with the important question of how to allocate scarce conservation resources among subpopulations of any threatened species.

show abstract

Section: Resumen: Las Especies Amenazadas a Menudo Existen En Número mentioning

confidence: 99%

Subpopulation Triage: How to Allocate Conservation Effort among Populations

McDonald‐Madden¹,

Baxter²,

Possingham³

2008

Conservation Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If Kaye and Kuykendall's (2001) maximum germination rate of 95% from a large population (Fir Butte) represents progeny from a population that is not severely inbred (data from Tables 2, 3, and 4 suggest high genetic diversity and lack of inbreeding) and the germination rate of 55% represents a small, highly inbred population (not genotyped), then the inbreeding depression coefficient (d) for germination is approximately 0.40. Primarily outcrossing species often have greater inbreeding depression coefficients in early life stages, and the proposed inbreeding depression coefficient for Kincaid's lupine germination is not unreasonable when compared with other outcrossing species (Husband and Schemske 1996;Washitani et al 2005). However, in two distantly related, perennial North American lupines, Lupinus arboreus (Kittleson and Maron 2000) and L. perennis (Michaels et al 2008), the most substantial inbreeding depression coefficients occurred primarily at the seed filling stage, 0.49 and 0.67, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Habitat fragmentation, genetic diversity, and inbreeding depression in a threatened grassland legume: is genetic rescue necessary?

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kincaid's lupine (Lupinus oreganus), a threatened perennial legume of western Oregon grasslands, is composed of small, fragmented populations that have consistently low natural seed set, suggesting they may have accumulated high enough levels of genetic load to be candidates for genetic rescue. We used simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, both nuclear DNA and chloroplast DNA, to screen populations throughout the species' range for evidence of severe inbreeding and recent genetic bottlenecks due to habitat fragmentation. After genotyping about 40% of the known populations, only one of 24 populations had strong statistical evidence for a recent genetic bottleneck (H e [ H eq ). Both mean nSSR fixation coefficients and genetic diversity did not statistically differ between very small, small, medium, and large lupine population size classes. Within population chloroplast DNA haplotype number was high for an animal pollinated species, &4.2 haplotypes/population, and within population haplotype diversity was also relatively evenly distributed. Within population patterns of nSSR and cpSSR genetic diversity suggest that genetic diversity has not been lost over the last century of habitat fragmentation. With genet lifespan thought to exceed 100 years, overlap of several to many generations, and substantial reductions in seed set from inbreeding depression that shifts cohort composition towards those generated by outcrossing events, Kincaid's lupine is likely maintain the currently high levels of within population genetic diversity. The case of Kincaid's lupine provides an example of how the assumptions of severe inbreeding depression with small population size and habitat fragmentation can be inaccurate.

show abstract

“…Many threatened species now only persist in a small number of relatively isolated subpopulations (Harrison and Bruna 1999) and numerous management programs worldwide distribute resources between subpopulations in an attempt to ensure the persistence of threatened species (e.g., Sumatran tiger, Panthera tigris sumatrae [Linkie et al 2006]; Gunnison's Sage Grouse, Centrocerus minimus [Oyler-McCance et al 2001]; the golden lion tamarin, Leontopithecus rosalia [Pinto and Rylands 1997]; Caribbean staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis [Vollmer and Palumbi 2007]; and Japanese woodland primula, Primula sieboldii [Washitani et al 2005]). Predictably, the number of subpopulations or areas available to implement management actions affects how learning can take place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active adaptive conservation of threatened species in the face of uncertainty

McDonald‐Madden

Probert

Hauser

et al. 2010

Ecological Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Adaptive management has a long history in the natural resource management literature, but despite this, few practitioners have developed adaptive strategies to conserve threatened species. Active adaptive management provides a framework for valuing learning by measuring the degree to which it improves long-run management outcomes. The challenge of an active adaptive approach is to find the correct balance between gaining knowledge to improve management in the future and achieving the best short-term outcome based on current knowledge. We develop and analyze a framework for active adaptive management of a threatened species. Our case study concerns a novel facial tumor disease affecting the Australian threatened species Sarcophilus harrisii: the Tasmanian devil. We use stochastic dynamic programming with Bayesian updating to identify the management strategy that maximizes the Tasmanian devil population growth rate, taking into account improvements to management through learning to better understand disease latency and the relative effectiveness of three competing management options. Exactly which management action we choose each year is driven by the credibility of competing hypotheses about disease latency and by the population growth rate predicted by each hypothesis under the competing management actions. We discover that the optimal combination of management actions depends on the number of sites available and the time remaining to implement management. Our approach to active adaptive management provides a framework to identify the optimal amount of effort to invest in learning to achieve long-run conservation objectives.

show abstract

Conservation ecology ofPrimula sieboldii: Synthesis of information toward the prediction of the genetic/demographic fate of a population

Cited by 26 publications

References 96 publications

Subpopulation Triage: How to Allocate Conservation Effort among Populations

Subpopulation Triage: How to Allocate Conservation Effort among Populations

Habitat fragmentation, genetic diversity, and inbreeding depression in a threatened grassland legume: is genetic rescue necessary?

Active adaptive conservation of threatened species in the face of uncertainty

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About