Conservation laws and thermodynamic equilibrium in the general relativistic kinetic theory of inelastically interacting particles

The possibility of a strict global thermodynamic equilibrium in the expanding universe in the presence of a fundamental scalar field

“…Thus to ensure GTE there should exist a linear integral of motion having ξ i is a timelike vector. Resolving (23) we obtain a set of necessary and sufficient conditions of GTE existence GTE [2], [5,6], [9,13]:…”

“…Systems Since all moments of the equilibrium distribution function are determined via scalars ξ 2 , λ a , Φ and tensors ξ i , g ik , ξ i ξ k , ..., then the conservation laws for the moments of the distribution function are also fulfilled [13]:…”

Qualitative and numerical analysis of the cosmological model based on the phantom scalar field with self-interaction. II. Comparative analysis of models of classical and phantom fields

“…Phantom fields were introduced in gravitation as one of the possible models of the scalar field in 1983 in Author's work [1]. In this article, as well as in later ones (see e.g., [2], [3]) phantom fields were classified as scalar fields with attraction of like-charged particles and were emphasized by means of factor ǫ = −1 in the energy-momentum tensor of the scalar field 1 .…”

Nonminimal macroscopic models of a scalar field based on microscopic dynamics: Extension of the theory to negative masses

“…However such a conservative approach had been being used in Author's papers [1] - [4] and seeming at first sight the correct one, turns to be contradicting to the more fundamental principle of the Lagrange function's additivity. As it was shown in [10], the negativeness of the particle's effective mass function does not lead to any contradictions at the level of microscopic dynamics since the observable momentum of particle (as well as the 3-dimensional velocity v α = u α /u 4 ) conserves its orientation as opposed to the unobservable kinematic 4-velocity of a particle u i :…”

“…In the previous articles the Author considered the statistical systems of scalar charged particles and constructed the cosmological models based on such systems [1,2,3,4]. Particularly, in [2,3] it was obtained the self-consistent set of equations describing a statistical system of particles with scalar interaction.…”