Conservation of Eubacterial Replicases

Wijffels, Gene; Dalrymple, Brian P.; Kongsuwan, Kritaya; Dixon, Nicholas E.

doi:10.1080/15216540500138246

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The hydrophobic groove on the ␤ sliding clamp and its binding motifs in other proteins are strongly conserved across bacterial species (27,260). An analogous mechanism is also shared by the PCNA sliding clamp of archaea and eukaryotes (209), although the consensus sequence recognized by PCNA (QxxLxxFF) is different from that of the bacterial ␤-binding motifs (55).…”

Section: Highly Conserved Protein Interaction Modules Within the ␤ Slmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In addition to binding the Pol III ␦ subunit during clamp loading/unloading (127) and the ␣ polymerase subunit (261), greatly increasing its processivity, the E. coli ␤ sliding clamp also binds to DNA polymerases I, II, IV, and V; DNA ligase; Hda; and the mismatch repair proteins MutS and MutL (55,159,260). Each of these proteins binds to a hydrophobic groove (127) hexameric peptide motif, which is often located close to the N or C terminus (55).…”

Section: Highly Conserved Protein Interaction Modules Within the ␤ Slmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential Biological Processes of an Emerging Pathogen: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Cell Division in Acinetobacter spp

Robinson

Brzoska

Turner

et al. 2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARY Within the last 15 years, members of the bacterial genus Acinetobacter have risen from relative obscurity to be among the most important sources of hospital-acquired infections. The driving force for this has been the remarkable ability of these organisms to acquire antibiotic resistance determinants, with some strains now showing resistance to every antibiotic in clinical use. There is an urgent need for new antibacterial compounds to combat the threat imposed by Acinetobacter spp. and other intractable bacterial pathogens. The essential processes of chromosomal DNA replication, transcription, and cell division are attractive targets for the rational design of antimicrobial drugs. The goal of this review is to examine the wealth of genome sequence and gene knockout data now available for Acinetobacter spp., highlighting those aspects of essential systems that are most suitable as drug targets. Acinetobacter spp. show several key differences from other pathogenic gammaproteobacteria, particularly in global stress response pathways. The involvement of these pathways in short- and long-term antibiotic survival suggests that Acinetobacter spp. cope with antibiotic-induced stress differently from other microorganisms.

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Section: Highly Conserved Protein Interaction Modules Within the ␤ Slmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Highly Conserved Protein Interaction Modules Within the ␤ Slmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Biological Processes of an Emerging Pathogen: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Cell Division in Acinetobacter spp

Robinson

Brzoska

Turner

et al. 2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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“…Recent studies have shown, however, that the function of the sliding clamp is not limited to serving as a subunit of the replicative DNA polymerase [1][2][3][4]13]. In E. coli, the β sliding clamp is found to also play a role in okazaki fragment maturation by interacting with DNA ligase and DNA polymerase I [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dnaN gene of Escherichia coli encodes the β subunit of E. coli DNA polymerase III [1][2][3][4]. The β subunit dimerizes to form a ring-shaped sliding clamp, which encircles an intact duplex DNA and moves freely on it [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of dnaN1 generates a mutator phenotype in Bacillus anthracis

Yang

Miller

2008

DNA Repair

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The dnaN gene in eubacteria is an essential gene that encodes the β subunit of replicative DNA polymerase. Nearly all eubacterial genomes sequenced to date predict a single copy of the dnaN gene in a well-conserved neighboring gene context. However, 19 genomes out of 348 scanned, including Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus weihenstephanensis, predict more than one dnaN gene. In most cases, these genomes appear to maintain a copy of the dnaN homolog in its usual neighboring gene context (designated as dnaN1) in addition to a second copy (designated as dnaN2) in an entirely different gene context. We used B. anthracis as our model system to investigate the role of these DnaNs. We constructed a single knockout mutant of dnaN1 and of dnaN2; however, we could not make a viable double knockout mutant of dnaN1 and dnaN2. The dnaN1 knockout mutant displays a markedly reduced colony size. It also displays a significantly increased mutation rate, which is similar to that of a mismatch repair deficient strain and to a strain deficient both in dnaN1 and mismatch repair. The dnaN2 knockout mutant, however, has a similar growth rate and a comparable mutation rate to that of the wild type. This is the first study demonstrating the existence of two functional DnaN homologs in the B. anthracis genome, with DnaN1 appearing to be more crucial than DnaN2. Our results also suggest the direct involvement of DnaN1 in the DNA mismatch repair process, which is consistent with previous findings.

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“…The main focus of this review will be on the mechanism of loading the Escherichia coli sliding clamp onto DNA, with special emphasis on the dynamic and transient interactions that are required to catalyze the reaction. Reviews on the complete replisomes and clamp loaders from E. coli (Johnson and O'Donnell, 2005;Marians, 2004;McHenry, 2003;Wijffels et al, 2005), bacteriophage T4 Trakselis and Benkovic, 2001;Trakselis et al, 2001b), and eukaryotes (Bell and Dutta, 2002;Garg and Burgers, 2005;Johnson and O'Donnell, 2005;Kao and Bambara, 2003;Majka and Burgers, 2004;Waga and Stillman, 1998) have been published recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Loading theEscherichia coliDNA Polymerase Processivity Clamp

Bloom

2006

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Sliding clamps and clamp loaders are processivity factors required for efficient DNA replication. Sliding clamps are ring-shaped complexes that tether DNA polymerases to DNA to increase the processivity of synthesis. Clamp loaders assemble these ring-shaped clamps onto DNA in an ATP-dependent reaction. The overall process of clamp loading is dynamic in that protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions must actively change in a coordinated fashion to complete the mechanical clamp-loading reaction cycle. The clamp loader must initially have a high affinity for both the clamp and DNA to bring these macromolecules together, but then must release the clamp on DNA for synthesis to begin. Evidence is presented for a mechanism in which the clamp-loading reaction comprises a series of binding reactions to ATP, the clamp, DNA, and ADP, each of which promotes some change in the conformation of the clamp loader that alters interactions with the next component of the pathway. These changes in interactions must be rapid enough to allow the clamp loader to keep pace with replication fork movement. This review focuses on the measurement of dynamic and transient interactions required to assemble the Escherichia coli sliding clamp on DNA.

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Conservation of Eubacterial Replicases

Cited by 44 publications

References 38 publications

Essential Biological Processes of an Emerging Pathogen: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Cell Division in Acinetobacter spp

Essential Biological Processes of an Emerging Pathogen: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Cell Division in Acinetobacter spp

Deletion of dnaN1 generates a mutator phenotype in Bacillus anthracis

Dynamics of Loading theEscherichia coliDNA Polymerase Processivity Clamp

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