Conservation of grasslands and savannas: A meta-analysis on mammalian responses to anthropogenic disturbance

Lima, Daniela Oliveira de; Lorini, Maria Lúcia; Vieira, Marcus Vinícius

doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2018.08.008

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The characterization of biogeographic districts in other large tracts of natural habitats can be useful for the conservation of the world's savannas, which are nearly all strongly threatened by human activities (Lima et al 2018). Since climatic and compositional variation, as we reported here, are also expected to occur in other savannas worldwide (Lehmann et al 2014), we expect that more detailed biogeographic units can be recovered and used as biodiversity surrogates for conservation planning, with the overarching aim to avoid biodiversity loss worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Delimiting floristic biogeographic districts in the Cerrado and assessing their conservation status

et al. 2019

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The Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot in central Brazil that represents the largest expanse of savanna in the Neotropics. Here, we aim to identify and delimit biogeographic districts within the Cerrado, to provide a geographic framework for conservation planning and scientific research prioritisation. We used data from 588 sites with tree species inventories distributed across the entire Cerrado. To identify districts, we clustered sites based on their similarity in tree species composition. To investigate why districts differ in composition, we 1) determined the proportion of tree species in different districts that derive from other biomes, to assess the influence of neighbouring biomes upon geographically marginal districts and 2) assayed key climatic differences between districts, to test the effect of environmental factors upon compositional differences. We found seven biogeographic districts within the Cerrado.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Delimiting floristic biogeographic districts in the Cerrado and assessing their conservation status

et al. 2019

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“…2017, 2019; de Lima et al. 2018), yet both threats typically act simultaneously. For example, deforestation and associated infrastructural development can improve hunters’ access to previously remote intact areas (Fa & Brown 2009; Abernethy et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of land use and hunting on distributions of tropical mammals

Gallego‐Zamorano

Benítez‐López

Santini

et al. 2020

Conservation Biology

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Land use and hunting are 2 major pressures on biodiversity in the tropics. Yet, their combined impacts have not been systematically quantified at a large scale. We estimated the effects of both pressures on the distributions of 1884 tropical mammal species by integrating species' range maps, detailed land-use maps (1992 and 2015), species-specific habitat preference data, and a hunting pressure model. We further identified areas where the combined impacts were greatest (hotspots) and least (coolspots) to determine priority areas for mitigation or prevention of the pressures. Land use was the main driver of reduced distribution of all mammal species considered. Yet, hunting pressure caused additional reductions in large-bodied species' distributions. Together, land use and hunting reduced distributions of species by 41% (SD 30) on average (year 2015). Overlap between impacts was only 2% on average. Land use contributed more to the loss of distribution (39% on average) than hunting (4% on average). However, hunting reduced the distribution of large mammals by 29% on average; hence, large mammals lost a disproportional amount of area due to the combination of both pressures. Gran Chaco, the Atlantic Forest, and Thailand had high levels of impact across the species (hotspots of area loss). In contrast, the Amazon and Congo Basins, the Guianas, and Borneo had relatively low levels of impact (coolspots of area loss). Overall, hunting pressure and human land use increased from 1992 to 2015 and corresponding losses in distribution increased from 38% to 41% on average across the species. To effectively protect tropical mammals, conservation policies should address both pressures simultaneously because their effects are highly complementary. Our spatially detailed and species-specific results may support future national and global conservation agendas, including the design of post-2020 protected area targets and strategies.

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“…Agricultural land use change index is a measure of the amount of land converted to agriculture and other human activities such as settlement. The ALC index is associated with habitat loss within PAs due to encroaching on PAs [ 2 , 11 , 35 ], and is also related to illegal hunting because farmers encroaching on PAs often engage in illegal hunting of animals [ 36 ]. We calculated the ALC over a decade period encompassing the times when research for the reviewed papers were conducted as most papers did not report the exact dates of data collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthropogenic threats to wildlife within and outside PAs have been studied extensively including logging [11,12], hunting [9,13] and encroachment through cropland conversion and livestock grazing [8,11]. These threats can have serious conservation and ecological implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global extent and drivers of mammal population declines in protected areas under illegal hunting pressure

et al. 2020

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Illegal hunting is a persistent problem in many protected areas, but an overview of the extent of this problem and its impact on wildlife is lacking. We reviewed 40 years (1980-2020) of global research to examine the spatial distribution of research and socio-ecological factors influencing population decline within protected areas under illegal hunting pressure. From 81 papers reporting 988 species/site combinations, 294 mammal species were reported to have been illegally hunted from 155 protected areas across 48 countries. Research in illegal hunting has increased substantially during the review period and showed biases towards strictly protected areas and the African continent. Population declines were most frequent in countries with a low human development index, particularly in strict protected areas and for species with a body mass over 100 kg. Our results provide evidence that illegal hunting is most likely to cause declines of large-bodied species in protected areas of resource-poor countries regardless of protected area conservation status. Given the growing pressures of illegal hunting, increased investments in people's development and additional conservation efforts such as improving anti-poaching strategies and conservation resources in terms of improving funding and personnel directed at this problem are a growing priority.

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Conservation of grasslands and savannas: A meta-analysis on mammalian responses to anthropogenic disturbance

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Delimiting floristic biogeographic districts in the Cerrado and assessing their conservation status

Delimiting floristic biogeographic districts in the Cerrado and assessing their conservation status

Combined effects of land use and hunting on distributions of tropical mammals

Global extent and drivers of mammal population declines in protected areas under illegal hunting pressure

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