Conservation of<i>Pitx1</i>expression during amphibian limb morphogenesis

Chang, Wing Y.; KhosrowShahian, Farhad; Wolanski, Marian; Marshall, Rachel; McCormick, W; Perry, Stephen R.; Crawford, Michael J.

doi:10.1139/o06-036

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this context, salamander limb regeneration does not occur in the absence of accompanying neural tissue development [61], [62]. Individual genes that are upregulated during fracture healing that have been associated with both neural tissue development and limb development included N-Myc1 (neuronal myc) and the paired-like homeodomain transcription factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Analysis of Fracture Healing and the Induction of Embryonic Stem Cell–Related Genes

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fractures are among the most common human traumas. Fracture healing represents a unique temporarily definable post-natal process in which to study the complex interactions of multiple molecular events that regulate endochondral skeletal tissue formation. Because of the regenerative nature of fracture healing, it is hypothesized that large numbers of post-natal stem cells are recruited and contribute to formation of the multiple cell lineages that contribute to this process. Bayesian modeling was used to generate the temporal profiles of the transcriptome during fracture healing. The temporal relationships between ontologies that are associated with various biologic, metabolic, and regulatory pathways were identified and related to developmental processes associated with skeletogenesis, vasculogenesis, and neurogenesis. The complement of all the expressed BMPs, Wnts, FGFs, and their receptors were related to the subsets of transcription factors that were concurrently expressed during fracture healing. We further defined during fracture healing the temporal patterns of expression for 174 of the 193 genes known to be associated with human genetic skeletal disorders. In order to identify the common regulatory features that might be present in stem cells that are recruited during fracture healing to other types of stem cells, we queried the transcriptome of fracture healing against that seen in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Approximately 300 known genes that are preferentially expressed in ESCs and ∼350 of the known genes that are preferentially expressed in MSCs showed induction during fracture healing. Nanog, one of the central epigenetic regulators associated with ESC stem cell maintenance, was shown to be associated in multiple forms or bone repair as well as MSC differentiation. In summary, these data present the first temporal analysis of the transcriptome of an endochondral bone formation process that takes place during fracture healing. They show that neurogenesis as well as vasculogenesis are predominant components of skeletal tissue formation and suggest common pathways are shared between post-natal stem cells and those seen in ESCs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Analysis of Fracture Healing and the Induction of Embryonic Stem Cell–Related Genes

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, expression was spatially restricted to a small area of the autopod and only found in very early stages. Additionally, Pitx1 expression has been detected at later morphogenic stages in the forelimb of the frog Eleutherodactylus coqui , but not at early limb-bud stages [36]. Authors hypothesized that the forelimb expression of Pitx1 was, in this case, a developmental process peculiar to an organism in which metamorphic and embryonic stages are modified [36], as this species bypasses the tadpole stage and develops limbs within its eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Pitx1 expression has been detected at later morphogenic stages in the forelimb of the frog Eleutherodactylus coqui , but not at early limb-bud stages [36]. Authors hypothesized that the forelimb expression of Pitx1 was, in this case, a developmental process peculiar to an organism in which metamorphic and embryonic stages are modified [36], as this species bypasses the tadpole stage and develops limbs within its eggs. With the addition of our results, with Pitx1 expression in the forelimbs during morphogenesis in P. vitticeps , we highlight the need for further research across a wider range of tetrapods needed to more fully understand evolutionary variation in molecular processes underlying limb morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of a hindlimb-determining factorPitx1in the forelimb of the lizardPogona vitticepsduring morphogenesis

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With over 9000 species, squamates, which include lizards and snakes, are the largest group of reptiles and second-largest order of vertebrates, spanning a vast array of appendicular skeletal morphology. As such, they provide a promising system for examining developmental and molecular processes underlying limb morphology. Using the central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) as the primary study model, we examined limb morphometry throughout embryonic development and characterized the expression of three known developmental genes (GHR, Pitx1 and Shh) from early embryonic stage through to hatchling stage via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, all genes were found to be transcribed in both the forelimbs and hindlimbs of P. vitticeps. While the highest level of GHR expression occurred at the hatchling stage, Pitx1 and Shh expression was greatest earlier during embryogenesis, which coincides with the onset of the differentiation between forelimb and hindlimb length. We compared our finding of Pitx1 expression—a hindlimb-determining gene—in the forelimbs of P. vitticeps to that in a closely related Australian agamid lizard, Ctenophorus pictus, where we found Pitx1 expression to be more highly expressed in the hindlimb compared with the forelimb during early and late morphogenesis—a result consistent with that found across other tetrapods. Expression of Pitx1 in forelimbs has only rarely been documented, including via in situ hybridization in a chicken and a frog. Our findings from both RT-qPCR and IHC indicate that further research across a wider range of tetrapods is needed to more fully understand evolutionary variation in molecular processes underlying limb morphology.

show abstract

“…The expression of the homeobox transcription factor Pitx1 has been investigated in tetrapodium; mouse 7,10) , gallus 6,8) , and Xenopus 11) . In these species, Pitx1 is exclusively expressed in the developing hindlimb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the regeneration, these roles reversed, namely, Pitx1 relates with the proliferation of tissues without distinguishing between the foreor hindlimb, Tbx genes with limb patterning. Recently, Chang et al 11) reported that Pitx1 was expressed in the development of the forelimb and hindlimb in anuran amphibians, Euletherodactylus coqui. Their observation appears to be incompatible with the gene scheme, but this is not necessarily so.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitx1 expression in developing and regenerating axolotl limbs

Shimokawa

Yasutaka

Kominami

et al. 2008

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: The expression of the homeobox transcription factor Pitx1 was investigated in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) during limb development and regeneration by whole-mount mRNA in situ hybridizations. This clone shares high amino acid identity with Pitx1 from other vertebrates (92% Xenopus; 87% chick; 75% human and mouse) within the region isolated. In the developing limbs, Pitx1 was expressed in hindlimb mesenchyme, as has been reported in other species. The expression pattern in the hindlimb might have been conserved during evolution. In the regenerating limbs, Pitx1 was expressed in both fore-and hindlimb blastemas. Our observations suggest two roles of Pitx1 in the axolotl: one is to determine the hindlimb pattern during development, and the other that relates to proliferation of regenerating tissues without regard to fore-or hindlimb.

show abstract

Conservation ofPitx1expression during amphibian limb morphogenesis

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Transcriptional Analysis of Fracture Healing and the Induction of Embryonic Stem Cell–Related Genes

Transcriptional Analysis of Fracture Healing and the Induction of Embryonic Stem Cell–Related Genes

Expression of a hindlimb-determining factorPitx1in the forelimb of the lizardPogona vitticepsduring morphogenesis

Pitx1 expression in developing and regenerating axolotl limbs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About