Conservation of wetlands: Do infertile wetlands deserve a higher priority?

Moore, Dwayne R. J.; Keddy, Paul A.; Gaudet, C. L.; Wisheu, Irene C.

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(89)90065-7

Cited by 169 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Wiggers (Ellenberg et al 1992). It has been repeatedly demonstrated that fertiliser inputs cause a decrease in species richness in numerous types of habitats (Moore et al 1989;Tilman 1993). Kleijn and Snoeijing (1997) further determined that the combined effects of the herbicide fluoxypyr and NPK fertilisers were additive, i.e., the decline in species numbers increases more with levels of both herbicide and fertiliser than with either singly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing weed composition in natural and planted hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins adjacent to crop fields

Boutin¹,

Jobin²,

Bélanger³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Choinière, L. 2001. Comparing weed composition in natural and planted hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins adjacent to crop fields. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 313-324. Hedgerows and field margins are common features of the agricultural landscape in southern Québec. In the last decade, hedgerow establishment has been encouraged primarily for the prevention of soil erosion, though many farmers view them as reservoirs of invasive weeds and pests. In this study, we compared weed assemblages of several hedgerow types and herbaceous field margins. Ranking that takes into consideration weed abundance was clearly demonstrated: planted hedgerows > herbaceous field margins > natural woody hedgerows. The latter harboured many perennial plant species of less weedy propensity than planted hedgerows, which accommodated a larger number of weedy species. In planted hedgerows close to 50% of plants were weeds, even in their central position, although planted and natural hedgerows sheltered similar weed composition in their central parts. Likewise, most species inventoried in adjacent fields were weeds. Weeds characterising the central position of hedgerows/field margins were often species of wet habitats (Lythrum salicaria L., Equisetum arvense L., Cicuta maculata L.). Management practices of hedgerows and perhaps of crop fields adjacent to hedgerows may be mostly responsible for the abundance of weeds in hedgerows and field margins. Les haies brise-vent et les bordures herbacées font partie intégrante du paysage agricole du Québec méridional. L'implantation de haies a récemment été encouragée pour réduire les problèmes liés à l'érosion éolienne mais plusieurs producteurs agricoles voient toujours les haies comme des réservoirs d'espèces nuisibles. Nous avons étudié la composition et la distribution des espèces végétales nuisibles aux cultures dans différents types de haies et un patron clair de l'abondance de ces espèces a été trouvé: haies plantées > bordures herbacées > haies naturelles boisées. Ce dernier type de haie abritait plus d'espèces vivaces non nuisibles aux cultures que les haies plantées lesquelles abritaient surtout des espèces nuisibles. Ainsi, plus de 50% des espèces retrouvées dans les haies plantées étaient des espèces nuisibles, même celles présentes au centre des haies, malgré le fait que la composition spécifique des espèces nuisibles retrouvées au centre des haies naturelles et plantées était similaire. La plupart des espèces inventoriées dans les champs adjacents étaient aussi des espèces nuisibles. Plusieurs des espèces nuisibles retrouvées au centre des haies et des bordures herbacées sont typiques des milieux humides (Lythrum salicaria L., Equisetum arvense L., Cicuta maculata L.). La présence d'espèces nuisibles dans les haies brise-vent et dans les bordures herbacées semble être une conséquence de l'aménagement des haies en soi et possiblement des pratiques agricoles ayant cours dans les champs cultivés adjacents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing weed composition in natural and planted hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins adjacent to crop fields

Boutin¹,

Jobin²,

Bélanger³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Due to eutrophication associated with agricultural activities, anthropogenic sites are often of high productivity, and, as the HBM predicts, are typically of low richness due to dominance by large plants of high competitive ability (14). It is unfortunate that Adler et al dismiss such sites, because one of the main applications of the HBM is to show how eutrophication reduces local richness in terrestrial communities, which has been of much import to the conservation community (5,15). Had the data set been gathered with the intent of addressing local production-richness relationships across a broad productivity gradient, we have no doubt that "natural" herbaceous assemblages of high production-such as salt marshes, meadows of rich substrate, and herbaceous floodplains, all of which are characterized by high dominance and low species richness-would reveal the classic HBM pattern of declining richness at high levels of productivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comment on “Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness”

Fridley

Grime

Huston

et al. 2012

Science

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International audienceAdler et al. (Reports, 23 September 2011, p. 1750) reported "weak and variable" relationships between productivity and species richness and dispute the "humped-back" model (HBM) of plant diversity. We show that their analysis lacks sufficient high-productivity sites, ignores litter, and excludes anthropogenic sites. If corrected, the data set of Adler et al. would apparently yield strong HBM support

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“…Additionally, high nutrient inputs are typically applied to crop fields and off-site movement may occur to adjacent habitats through misplacement during application, runoff, or via soil particles. High fertility levels may cause a reduction of species richness and modify species composition as demonstrated in several ecosystems (Moore et al 1989;Tilman 1993;Kleijn and Snoeijing 1997), or favour the successful establishment of opportunistic species or large dominant species (Ellenberg et al 1992;Hobbs and Huenneke 1992). A few problematic species were found in the study sites.…”

Section: Agronomic and Conservation Issuesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison of the vegetation and seedbanks of soybean fields, adjacent boundaries, and hedgerows in Ontario

Boutin¹

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Boutin, C. 2006. Comparison of the vegetation and seedbanks of soybean fields, adjacent boundaries, and hedgerows in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 557-567. Patterns of plant assemblages in habitats located within agroecosystems are poorly understood. A study of the seedbank and standing vegetation in 10 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields, their adjacent boundaries, and adjoining woody hedgerows was undertaken in Ontario. The objective was to examine the composition of plants of conservation value and weedy species in these habitats. The seedbank of each habitat was determined from soil cores in quadrats located at regular intervals along transects, using the seedling emergence method in the greenhouse. The vegetation was surveyed in plots adjacent to the seedbank sampling areas. There was no significant difference in total species richness of vegetation or the seedbank among habitat types. However, there was a marked difference in species composition. In the seedbank, no difference in weed species richness among habitats was observed. In vegetation, however, fields harboured significantly more weedy species than adjacent boundaries and hedgerows. The dissimilarity between the seedbank and the vegetation was confirmed in detrended correspondence analyses, which showed that hedgerow vegetation, and to a lesser extent boundary vegetation, differed from field vegetation and all the habitats of the seedbank. The analysis of soil properties indicated that organic matter and nutrient levels were often higher in hedgerows than in fields. It can be concluded that hedgerows are valuable habitats for plant diversity and that weed species represent a minor component of their overall vegetation composition. On a identifié les semences présentes dans chaque habitat à partir des carottes de sol prélevées dans des cadrats situés à intervalles réguliers le long de transects, en recourant à la méthode de germination en serre. Les plantes dans les parcelles contiguës aux sites échantillonnés pour l'identification des semences ont égale-ment été recensées. La diversité globale des espèces identifiées d'après leur graine ne varie pas de manière significative avec l'habitat. Cependant, on note une nette variation dans la composition des espèces. Ainsi, pour les semences, la diversité des adventices ne varie pas avec l'habitat. En revanche, dans la végétation, on constate que les champs abritent considérablement plus d'espèces adventices que les bordures et les haies adjacentes. Cette différence entre les semences et la végétation est confirmée par l'analyse des correspondances après suppression des tendances. Celle-ci révèle que la végétation dans les haies et, dans une moindre mesure, celle des terrains limitrophes, diffèrent de celle qu'on trouve dans les champs ainsi que les habitats d'où viennent les semences. L'analyse des propriétés du sol indique que la concentration de matière organique et d'éléments nutritifs est souvent plus élevée dans les haies que dans les champs. On en conclut que les haies constituent un habita...

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Conservation of wetlands: Do infertile wetlands deserve a higher priority?

Cited by 169 publications

References 22 publications

Comparing weed composition in natural and planted hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins adjacent to crop fields

Comparing weed composition in natural and planted hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins adjacent to crop fields

Comment on “Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness”

Comparison of the vegetation and seedbanks of soybean fields, adjacent boundaries, and hedgerows in Ontario

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