Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraints and Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain for Green Program on Rural Households in China

Uchida, Emi; Rozelle, Scott; Xu, Jintao

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2655-2_9

Cited by 81 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Whereas some studies in other areas (Daniels et al, 2010;Uchida et al, 2009) have discussed environmental and socioeconomic effects of PES programs, they are mostly scattered, fragmented, short term and opportunistic . In the reserve, although this study captured some short-term effects, many consequences are neither well-understood nor seriously tackled during the decision making processes.…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several studies (Chen et al, 2009(Chen et al, , 2010Uchida et al, 2009Uchida et al, , 2005Viña et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2002Xu et al, , 2004 have evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of the GTGP, relatively few (Xu et al, 2002;Yin, 2009) have studied the effectiveness and efficiency of the NFCP. In addition, to our knowledge no study has evaluated the decentralized implementation of the NFCP (e.g., participation of local households) and its environmental and socioeconomic consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance and prospects of payments for ecosystem services programs: Evidence from China

Yang

Liu

Viña

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Management

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a b s t r a c tSystematic evaluation of the environmental and socioeconomic effects of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs is crucial for guiding policy design and implementation. We evaluated the performance of the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP), a national PES program of China, in the Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas. The environmental effects of the NFCP were evaluated through a historical trend (1965e2001) analysis of forest cover to estimate a counter-factual (i.e., without-PES) forest cover baseline for 2007. The socioeconomic effects of the NFCP were evaluated using data collected through household interviews carried out before and after NFCP implementation in 2001. Our results suggest that the NFCP was not only significantly associated with increases in forest cover, but also had both positive (e.g., labor reduction for fuelwood collection) and negative (e.g., economic losses due to crop raiding by wildlife) effects on local households. Results from this study emphasize the importance of integrating local conditions and understanding underlying mechanisms to enhance the performance of PES programs. Our findings are useful for the design and implementation of successful conservation policies not only in our study area but also in similar places around the world.

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Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and prospects of payments for ecosystem services programs: Evidence from China

Yang

Liu

Viña

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…However, the GTGP may have exerted an indirect effect on the forest cover dynamics observed during the 2001-2007 period. For example, the GTGP program has been associated with an increase in rural-urban labor migration (Uchida et al 2009), which might reduce human pressure on forests, enabling natural regeneration of disused cropland.…”

Section: Influence Of Conservation Policies On Forest Cover Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Natural Disasters on Conservation Policies: The Case of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China

Viña

Chen

McConnell

et al. 2010

AMBIO

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Conservation policies are increasing in response to human-induced ecosystem degradation, but little is known about their interplay with natural disasters. Through an analysis of satellite imagery and field data we evaluated the impacts of a devastating earthquake on forest recovery and avoided forest loss estimated to have been obtained by two of the largest conservation programs in the world. Results show that more than 10% of the forests in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province, China were immediately affected by the 2008 earthquake, offsetting some gains in forest cover observed since the enactment of the conservation programs. But without the enactment of these conservation programs, the combined effects of human disturbance and earthquake-induced landslides could have severely reduced the region's forest cover. The continuation-and enhancement-of incentives for participation in conservation programs will be important for reducing the environmental impacts of the combined effects of human disturbance and natural hazards not only in the study area but also in many disaster-prone regions around the world.

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“…Since budgets are always limited, it would be better that the policy focus on degraded cropland, particularly in desertified regions, and poor households at certain levels of degradation and poverty. Earlier research has therefore indicated that the cost-effectiveness of the policy in terms of environmental benefits and poverty alleviation should be considered on the basis of social and ecological heterogeneity, in order to make it more effective and to achieve its overall goals (Wang et al 2007a, b;Uchida et al 2009;Chen et al 2010;Gauvin et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Related to the abovementioned multiple aims of the SLCP, researchers have indicated a need to assess a potential effect of the policy that the government expects: inducing shifts in economic structure, especially from an agricultural to a non-agricultural economy, to reduce economic instability resulting from the overuse of vulnerable natural resources (Uchida et al 2009;Li et al 2011), and thereby, to reduce future environmental degradation. H-E system perspectives are essential for clarifying these SLCP's long-term social-ecological impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent-based modeling of complex social–ecological feedback loops to assess multi-dimensional trade-offs in dryland ecosystem services

Miyasaka

Le²,

Okuro

et al. 2017

Landscape Ecol

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Context Recent conceptual developments in ecosystem services research have revealed the need to elucidate the complex and unintended relationships between humans and the environment if we are to better understand and manage ecosystem services in practice. Objectives This study aimed to develop a model that spatially represents a complex human-environment (H-E) system consisting of heterogeneous socialecological components and feedback mechanisms at multiple scales, in order to assess multi-dimensional (spatial, temporal, and social) trade-offs in ecosystem services. Methods We constructed an agent-based model and empirically calibrated it for a semi-arid region in Northeast China, and examined ecosystem service trade-offs derived from the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP), which is based on payment for ecosystem services. This paper describes our model, named Inner Mongolia Land Use Dynamic Simulator (IM-LUDAS), using the overview, design concepts, and details ? decision (ODD ? D) protocol and demonstrates the capabilities of IM-LUDAS through simulations. Results IM-LUDAS represented typical characteristics of complex H-E systems, such as secondary and cross-scale feedback loops, time lags, and threshold 123Landscape Ecol (2017) 32:707-727 DOI 10.1007 change, revealing the following results: tree plantations expanded by the SLCP facilitated vegetation and soil restoration and household change toward off-farm livelihoods, as expected by the government; conversely, the program caused further land degradation outside the implementation plots; moreover, the livelihood changes were not large enough to compensate for income deterioration by policy-induced reduction in cropland. Conclusions IM-LUDAS proved itself to be an advanced empirical model that can recreate essential features of complex H-E systems and assess multidimensional trade-offs in ecosystem services.

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Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraints and Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain for Green Program on Rural Households in China

Cited by 81 publications

References 31 publications

Performance and prospects of payments for ecosystem services programs: Evidence from China

Performance and prospects of payments for ecosystem services programs: Evidence from China

Effects of Natural Disasters on Conservation Policies: The Case of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China

Agent-based modeling of complex social–ecological feedback loops to assess multi-dimensional trade-offs in dryland ecosystem services

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