Conservation Tillage and Herbicide Management for Two Peanut Cultivars

Tubbs, R. Scott; Gallaher, R. N.

doi:10.2134/agronj2005.0500

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Indeed in many cases, in minimum and no-tillage, herbicides are considered as an alternative to the primary tillage, done in tillage-based systems, for pre-planting weed control [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Several authors indicate that herbicides have reduced reliance on traditional tillage methods to control weeds and have led to the adoption of minimum and no-tillage practices [37].…”

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Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

Sims¹,

Corsi²,

Gbèhounou³

et al. 2018

Agriculture

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Land degradation and soil fertility deterioration are two of the main causes of agricultural production stagnation and decline in many parts of the world. The model of crop production based on mechanical soil tillage and exposed soils is typically accompanied by negative effects on the natural resource base of the farming environment, which can be so serious that they jeopardize agricultural productive potential in the future. This form of agriculture is destructive to soil health and accelerates the loss of soil by increasing its mineralization and erosion rates. Conservation agriculture, a system avoiding or minimizing soil mechanical disturbance (no-tillage) combined with soil cover and crop diversification, is considered a sustainable agro-ecological approach to resource-conserving agricultural production. A major objective of tillage is supposed to be weed control, and it does not require very specific knowledge because soil inversion controls (at least temporarily) most weeds mechanically (i.e., by way of burying them). However, repeated ploughing only changes the weed population, but does not control weeds in the long term. The same applies to the mechanical uprooting of weeds. While in the short term some tillage operations can control weeds on farms, tillage systems can increase and propagate weeds off-farm. The absence of tillage, under conservation agriculture, requires other measures of weed control. One of the ways in which this is realized is through herbicide application. However, environmental concerns, herbicide resistance and access to appropriate agro-chemicals on the part of resource-poor farmers, highlight the need for alternative weed control strategies that are effective and accessible for smallholders adopting conservation agriculture. Farmers in semi-arid regions contend with the additional challenge of low biomass production and, often, competition with livestock enterprises, which limit the potential weed-suppressing benefits of mulch and living cover crops. This paper reviews the applicability and efficacy of various mechanical, biological and integrated weed management strategies for the effective and sustainable management of weeds in smallholder conservation agriculture systems, including the role of appropriate equipment and prerequisites for smallholders within a sustainable intensification scenario.Keywords: smallholder farming; conservation agriculture; sustainable and ecological weed management; preventive; cultural and direct control methods of weed management

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Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

Sims¹,

Corsi²,

Gbèhounou³

et al. 2018

Agriculture

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“…Johnson et al (2001) tested peanut yield response to conventional, reduced, and minimum tillage in a peanut-cotton rotation in Georgia and found that over 5 yr there were no differences in peanut yield among tillage systems. Tubbs and Gallaher (2005) compared peanut yield of five tillage treatments in Florida and suggested that strip tillage systems, with proper management provide an advantage in yield over conventional tillage systems. Faircloth et al (2006) reported similar or higher peanut yield in strip tillage compared to conventional tillage systems, regardless of irrigation.…”

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Peanut Yield and Grade Responses to Timing of Bahiagrass Termination and Tillage in a Sod-based Crop Rotation

Zhao¹,

Wright²,

Marois³

2009

Peanut Science

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Rotation of row crops with perennial grasses has been shown to improve soil quality characteristics, decrease pest incidence, and increase crop yield. Experiments were conducted in Florida during 2006 and 2007 at Marianna and Quincy to determine effects of termination date and subsequent tillage of established bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum L.) on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) yield and market grade characteristics when rotating from bahiagrass to a row crop. Treatments included two bahiagrass termination dates (fall vs. spring) and six tillage methods [strip-till (inrow subsoiling), disk plus moldboard plow, disk plus chisel, disk plus paratill plus strip-till, disk, and strip-till with 45 kg N/ha]. Bahiagrass termination timing did not affect soil mechanical resistance, peanut yield or market grade characteristics, including percentages of sound mature kernels, split kernels, other kernels, and hulls. Although significant differences in soil mechanical resistance were detected among tillage treatments, peanut yield did not differ among the tillage methods except for the disk alone in 2007 at Quincy. Strip-till peanut yield did not respond to N application. When pooled over termination timing, peanut yields in strip-till, disk plus moldboard plow, disk plus chisel, disk plus paratill plus strip-till, disk, and strip-till plus 45 N were 4830, 5000, 4810, 4810, 4770, and 4620 kg/ha, respectively. These results indicate that when using perennial grasses in sod-based rotations, farmers have a wide window from fall to spring to terminate bahiagrass for optimum peanut production regardless of tillage system.

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“…Studies have evaluated conservation tillage practices in all production regions in the U.S., on many of the major soil series, and across the four market types of peanut (runner, virginia, spanish, and valencia). In summary, five studies have given conservation tillage a clear advantage in either yield, improved quality, or net economic returns (Brandenburg et al 1998;Hartzog and Adams, 1989;Hurt et al, 2006;Marois and Wright, 2003;Tubbs and Gallaher, 2005). Seven studies, four of which were conducted with the virginia market type, favored conventional, high intensity tillage practices that could not be considered conservation tillage Grichar and Boswell, 1987;Jordan et al, 2001;Jordan et al, 2003;Minton et al, 1991;Wright and Porter, 1991a;Wright and Porter, 1995).…”

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Interaction of Tillage System and Irrigation Amount on Peanut Performance in the Southeastern U.S

et al. 2012

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A five-year study to investigate the potential interaction of conservation tillage with reduced irrigation amounts was conducted near Dawson, GA on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Conventional tillage was compared to two conservation tillage programs (wide-strip and narrow-strip tillage) under four irrigation levels (100, 66, 33, and 0% of a recommended amount). Peanut yield did not exhibit a tillage by irrigation interaction as expected, although the main effects of irrigation and tillage were each significant by year due to weather variations. Peanut yield in narrow-strip tillage or wide-strip tillage were individually superior to conventional tillage in three seasons out of five, however only in one year did both conservation tillage systems outperform the conventional system. No detrimental effects on yields could be attributed to conservation tillage. Peanut quality and digging loss were dependent on the tillage by year effect as well as the main effect of irrigation. Irrigation increased total sound mature kernels (TSMK) 2% versus non-irrigated (0% irrigation level); tillage was not significant each year of the study but increased TSMK 2% in three of five years. Digging losses were greater in plots with increased yield potential such as those receiving irrigation. Net economic returns revealed a moderate trend towards sustained profitability under reduced irrigation levels through narrow-strip tillage and to a lesser extent, wide-strip tillage. Under conventional tillage systems, returns decreased with decreasing amounts of irrigation applied.

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Conservation Tillage and Herbicide Management for Two Peanut Cultivars

Abstract: conservation practices to qualify for government subsidies, which promotes conservation tillage.

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

Peanut Yield and Grade Responses to Timing of Bahiagrass Termination and Tillage in a Sod-based Crop Rotation

Interaction of Tillage System and Irrigation Amount on Peanut Performance in the Southeastern U.S

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