Consider the Tidemark: Figure 1.

Simkin, Peter A.

doi:10.3899/jrheum.110942

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, the role of tidemark in OA pathogenesis is still unclear and should be further considered in future studies. 44 These results highlight the potential of evaluating OA severity from mineralized structures. In longitudinal in vivo studies, this could be achieved either by following changes in calcified cartilage using ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging 45 or evaluating subchondral plate and trabecular bone properties from high resolution clinical CT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Association between subchondral bone structure and osteoarthritis histopathological grade

Finnilä

Thevenot

Aho

et al. 2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Despite increasing evidence that subchondral bone contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, little is known about local changes in bone structure compared to cartilage degeneration. This study linked structural adaptation of subchondral bone with histological OA grade. Twenty‐five osteochondral samples of macroscopically different degeneration were prepared from tibiae of 14 patients. Samples were scanned with micro‐computed tomography (μCT) and both conventional structural parameters and novel 3D parameters based on local patterns were analyzed from the subchondral plate and trabecular bone. Subsequently, samples were processed for histology and evaluated for OARSI grade. Each bone parameter and OARSI grade was compared to assess structural adaptation of bone with OA severity. In addition, thicknesses of cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral plate were analyzed from histological sections and compared with subchondral bone plate thickness from μCT. With increasing OARSI grade, the subchondral plate became thicker along with decreased specific bone surface, while there was no change in tissue mineral density. Histological analysis showed that subchondral plate thickness from μCT also includes calcified cartilage. Entropy of local patterns increased with OA severity, reflecting higher tissue heterogeneity. In the trabecular compartment, bone volume fraction and both trabecular thickness and number increased with OARSI grade while trabecular separation and structure model index decreased. Also, elevation of local patterns became longitudinal in the subchondral plate and axial transverse in trabecular bone with increasing OARSI grade. This study demonstrates the possibility of radiological assessment of OA severity by structural analysis of bone. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:785–792, 2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Nevertheless, our results showed the best correlation between thickness of mineralized structures and OARSI only when subchondral plate and calcified cartilage where accounted for. However, the role of tidemark in OA pathogenesis is still unclear and should be further considered in future studies …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between subchondral bone structure and osteoarthritis histopathological grade

Finnilä

Thevenot

Aho

et al. 2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…The general consensus is that the tidemark is the result of accumulation of non‐specific molecules at the interface of calcified and hyaline cartilage caused by discontinuous mineralization (Oegema et al, ). The tidemark seems to be derived from apoptotic chondrocytes and to include several molecules such as phospholipids, alkaline phosphatase, type X collagen, adenosine triphosphatase, deoxyribonucleic acid, lectins and high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) (Lyons et al, ; Simkin, ). Chondrocytes are not present in the tidemark but a few can be partially embedded in its mineralizing side (Lyons et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark in the ovine stifle

Hontoir

Pirson

Simon

et al. 2019

Anat Histol Embryol

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Though the ovine stifle is commonly used to study osteoarthritis, there is limited information about the age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark. The objective of this study was to document the number of tidemarks in the stifle of research sheep without clinical signs of osteoarthritis and of various ages (n = 80). Articular cartilage of the medial and lateral tibial condyles and of the medial and lateral femoral condyles was assessed by histology: (a) to count the number of tidemark; and (b) to assess the OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) score for structural changes of cartilage. The number of tidemarks varied between anatomical regions, respectively, from 4.2 in the medial femoral condyle to 5.0 in the lateral tibial condyle. The axial part showed a significant higher number of tidemarks than the abaxial part, for all regions except the medial tibial condyle. Whilst the tidemark count strongly correlated with age (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.70; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.67–0.73; p < 0.0001), the OARSI score was weakly correlated with age in our cohort of sheep (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19–0.30; p < 0.0001). Interestingly, no tidemark was seen in the three animals aged 6 months. Our data indicate that the number of tidemarks increases with age and vary with anatomical region. The regional variation also revealed a higher number of tidemarks in the tibia than in the femur. This could be attributed to the local variation in cartilage response to strain and to the difference in chondrocyte biology and density.

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“…Furthermore, reduplication of the tidemark was observed in some areas of the cartilage-bone interface (Fig. 2H), resembling the features of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis 24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Chondrocytes were sparse and not hypertrophic, and a clear tidemark was observed separating non-calcified (red-stained) from calcified (pink/greenish-stained) cartilage matrix ( Figs. 2E,F ), equivalent to the tidemark present in articular cartilage 23, 24 . Cement lines separating cartilage and bone matrix were also evident ( Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image matters: Development of a novel staining method, the RGB-trichrome, as a reliable tool for the study of the musculoskeletal system

Gaytán

Morales

Reymundo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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20Morphometry and histology are essential approaches for investigation and diagnosis of musculo-21 skeletal disorders. Despite the advent of revolutionary methods of image analysis and high resolution 22 three-dimensional imaging technology, basic conventional light microscopy still provides an incisive 23 overview of the structure and tissue dynamics of the musculoskeletal system. This is crucial to both 24 preclinical and clinical research, since several clinically relevant processes, such as bone repair, 25 osteoarthritis, and metabolic bone diseases, display distinct, if not pathognomonic, histological 26 features. Due to the particular characteristics of the skeletal tissues (i.e., the existence of mineralized 27 extracellular matrices), a large number of staining methods applicable to either decalcified or 28 undecalcified tissues are available. However, it is usually the case that several staining methods need 29 to be sequentially applied in order to achieve the different endpoints required to fully assess skeletal 30 tissue structure and dynamics, and to allow morphometric quantification. We describe herein a novel 31 staining method, the RGB trichrome, amenable for application to decalcified, paraffin embedded 32 human musculoskeletal tissues. The acronym RGB corresponds to the three primary dyes used: 33 picrosirius Red, fast Green, and alcian Blue. Although these individual pigments are commonly used 34 either isolated, in binary combinations, or as part of more complex polychrome staining methods, when 35 merged in the RGB trichrome staining produce high-quality/high-contrast images, permitting not only 36 clear identification of different tissues (i.e., the different types of cartilage, bone and fibrous connective 37 tissue), but also discrimination between calcified and uncalcified bone and cartilage, as well as an 38 unexpected diversity of shades of color, while displaying singular properties among polychrome 39 staining methods, such as the unveiling of the bone osteocyte dendritic/canalicular network. Hence, 40we propose the RGB trichrome as simple but highly-reliable tool for the preclinical and clinical study of 41 the musculoskeletal system. 42 43 45 endocrine and metabolic roles 1. It is composed of bone, cartilage and skeletal muscle, together with 46 connecting structures, such as tendons and ligaments. The sustained increase in life expectancy 47 witnessed in the last decades in low-, mid-, and high-income countries has resulted in an increase in 48 the number and proportion of elderly people, and in the worldwide prevalence of age-related diseases 49 2. Aging of the musculoskeletal system is a leading cause of disability, and some of its age-related 50 alterations, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, are among the major epidemics of the 21st 51 century, being, together with sarcopenia, highly-prevalent causes of mobility disability, and risk factors 52 for falls and fractures in the elderly population 3-7. 53Histology and histomorphometry are powerful tools for the study of skeleta...

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Consider the Tidemark: Figure 1.

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Association between subchondral bone structure and osteoarthritis histopathological grade

Association between subchondral bone structure and osteoarthritis histopathological grade

Age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark in the ovine stifle

Image matters: Development of a novel staining method, the RGB-trichrome, as a reliable tool for the study of the musculoskeletal system

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