Consideration of Design Parameters of Ultrasonic Transducer for Fruit

Non-Destructive Estimation of Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Persimmons by Ultrasonic Spectroscopy

“…Vacuum grease was used to fill the gap between sensors and specimen to avoid high frequency attenuations by air in gaps. [22] Ultrasonic waves are attenuated very rapidly in fruits [16,18] and ultrasonic frequencies less than 200 kHz yield best results when applied to fruit. This is because the lower frequency minimizes the effect of wave scattering caused by resonance of inter-cellular voids in the fruit's flesh.…”

“…Therefore, in some cases, the fruits were required to be sliced uniformly to make a complete contact with the surface of the ultrasonic transducers. [10,18] Also, in another method, which has been successful in performing ultrasonic measurements on fruit, two fine-tipped ultrasonic transducers were angled toward each other, close together (5-18 mm) on the surface of the sample, and the attenuation and velocity of propagation were measured between them. The disadvantage of this method is that the transducers must be properly angled at 120°, making this method difficult to apply automatically or in a nonlaboratory environment.…”

Elasti̇k Modül Yaklaşimi İle Ses Hizlarinin Hesaplanarak Tungsteni̇n Akusti̇k Empedans Üzeri̇ndeki̇ Etki̇leri̇ni̇n Araştirilmasi

“…Reinforcement materials are used for the following purposes; supporting the active element in one direction, absorbing/dissipating the power radiated on the back part of the active element, obtaining as much power as possible from the transducer, preventing/reducing/controlling the oscillation of the transducer, to accomplish a more precision resolution, to supply powerful ultrasonic wave attraction as well as suitable acoustic impedance, and finally it is also used for purposes such as working at high pressures under difficult operating conditions (K. B. Kim, 2005) (Jones, 1984) (Jain, 1998) (Ultrasonic Sensor, 2019).…”