“…Consequently, many urban regeneration projects, while aiming for ambitious economic growth, have succeeded commercially by offering retail and entertainment facilities. However, these projects often fall short in considering the emotional needs of individuals (Ujang & Zakariya, 2015;Guo et al 2021). Furthermore, a significant proportion of current methods employed to obtain people's feedbacks on spatial design rely on self-reported techniques such as interviews and questionnaires (Abbasi, Alalouch, & Bramley, 2016;Peters, 2017;Zhu, Huang, & Hu, 2022).…”