Consideration of Stretchable Dry Electrodes for Smart Shirts Aimed for Biological Signal Monitoring

Abstract

Dry electrodes of a smart shirt for measuring biological signals were prepared by the additive printing method using a stretchable conductive paste with Ag fillers loading. Interfacial impedance between the electrode and skin depended on the contact pressure of electrode and the moisture of stratum corneum. When moisture of stratum corneum was more than 30%, ECG could be measured using the stretchable electrodes printed on a compression shirt. However, noise signal in the ECG signal increased when the moisture of stratum corneum was less than 30%. To solve this problem, we propose to use additional electrodes made of an electrically conductive kneaded rubber.

Trial of Sportswear Type ECG Sensor Device for Cardiac Safety Management during Marathon Running

“…Second, an insuf cient amount of perspiration from runners possibly created noise. Because the hitoe ® electrode is a dry electrode, moisture is necessary so that electricity can ow through the electrode-skin contact [21]. Although an electrolyte liquid was applied to the electrode at around 30 min before the measurement, the liquid might have already dried at the beginning of running.…”

“…According to instructions presented in the manual, we improved adhesion of the hitoe ® fabric to the skin and enhanced the electrical signal conductivity by applying an electrolyte liquid to the hitoe ® electrodes. The electrodes are dry, and moisture is necessary for electricity to ow through the electrode-skin interface [21]. We prepared the T-shirts around 30 min before the beginning of the race, although ideally this should have been done immediately before the start of the race to prevent the liquid from drying.…”

Biocompatible Electronic Skins for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring

“…[83] Sensors have found integration into clothing systems, including gloves, shirts, and wristbands, to enable convenient daily wear (Figure 7d). [187][188][189][190][191] Certain biocompatible materials like elastomer and polymers are employed both as substrates and encapsulation layers (Figure 7e,f). [192][193] In 2018, Lee et al reported an ultra-thin ≈1 mm thick, 1.2 g) and flexible disposable wireless wearable cardiac sensor that uses an elastic polyurethane with a graphic layer as a soft encapsulation layer applied to each unit, with a more intimate skin contact and waterproof effect.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [187][188]191] Copyright 2019, Springer Nature; 2018, 2021, Wiley-VCH. e) Schematic illustrations and images of soft flexible cardiac sensor in a thin elastic polyurethane enclosure.…”

“…d) Photograph of sensing devices integrated into clothing systems: ①gloves; ②shirts; ③wristbands. Reproduced with permission [187][188]191]. Copyright 2019, Springer Nature; 2018, 2021, Wiley-VCH.…”