Consideration on the construction process and the sandstone quarries during the Angkor period based on the magnetic susceptibility

Uchida, Etsuo; Cunin, Olivier; Suda, C.; Ueno, A.; Nakagawa, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.09.015

Cited by 37 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Sandstone blocks used for these building have a yellowish-brown color monument, and used to calculate average values. Care was taken to avoid blocks covered with algae or lichen [14,15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining the construction sequence of the Preah Vihear monument in Cambodia from its sandstone block characteristics

et al. 2017

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The Preah Vihear monument in Cambodia, located close to the border with Thailand, was one of the Khmer temples registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a Cultural Property in 2008. It consists of masonry buildings constructed of siliceous sandstone blocks. In this study, the construction sequence of its buildings was inferred from the chemical composition, magnetic susceptibility, and size of the sandstone blocks, along with pediment end style, and the presence or absence of reliefs on the tympana of adjacent buildings. Five construction stages were identified. We revealed that the Western Annex Hall (N2) is the oldest edifice in the Preah Vihear monument. We also reconfirmed that the Preah Vihear monument was constructed over a range of years, spanning the Bakheng style period to the Angkor Wat style period (the end of the 9th century to the end of 12th century). It was clarified that during the construction of Preah Vihear, the style of pediment ends changed from pediments ending in scrolls made from one block, to pediments ending in scrolls made from two blocks, and finally to pediments ending in five-headed nagas. Over the same time span, the size of the sandstone blocks used in construction increased markedly.

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“…Sandstone blocks used for these building have a yellowish-brown color monument, and used to calculate average values. Care was taken to avoid blocks covered with algae or lichen [14,15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the gray to yellowish-brown sandstones used in the Angkor monuments, which are feldspathic arenites supplied from the southeastern foot of Mt. Kulen, have higher average magnetic susceptibilities, with values in the range of 0.7-9.1 × 10 −3 SI units [14,15,17,18]. …”

Section: Magnetic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Determining the construction sequence of the Preah Vihear monument in Cambodia from its sandstone block characteristics

et al. 2017

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“…However, Dumarçay (1998) believes the central tower is an addition from the end of the Bayon period. This contention is also supported by the magnetic susceptibility and shape of the sandstones and the existence of reused sandstones (Uchida et al 1998(Uchida et al , 2007. Wood was used in the head frames of doorways in the north and south inner walls supporting the central tower.…”

Section: North Khleangmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Glaize (1944) and Boisselier (1952) concluded that the present central sanctuary was built in the Angkor Wat period (first half of the 12th century). On the other hand, based on the magnetic susceptibility of the sandstone and other characteristics, Uchida et al (1998Uchida et al ( , 2007 suggested that the present central sanctuary was probably constructed at the end of the Bayon period (end of the 12th century to the early 13th century). One wooden head frame of a doorway remains in the brick tower situated in the southwest of the stepped-pyramid-shaped platform topped by the central sanctuary.…”

Section: Bakongmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Wood Samples from the Angkor Monuments, Cambodia

Uchida

Cunin²,

Shimoda

et al. 2008

Radiocarbon

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In the Angkor monuments of Cambodia, pieces of wood remain (as head frames of doorways, crossbeams, ceiling boards, etc.) in the following 8 monuments: Bakong, Lolei, Baksei Chamkrong, North Khleang, Angkor Wat, Banteay Kdei, Bayon, and Gates of Angkor Thorn. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating carried out on 15 wood samples collected from the above 8 monuments revealed that most of the wood samples are original, except for the head frame of a doorway in Baksei Chamkrong, the ceiling boards in the northwest tower, and a crossbeam with pivot hole in the southwest tower of the Inner Gallery of Angkor Wat. The 14C age for the head frame of a doorway in the inner wall under the central tower of North Khleang supports the hypothesis that the inner walls are additions from a later period.

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“…전암대자율은 암석의 성 인 연구에 활용되는 암석학 연구의 한 수단으로 동일 마그마에서 생성된 암석들은 대부분 유사한 대자율 값을 갖는다. 이러한 특성을 이용하여 석조유산에 사 용된 암석의 산지추정 연구에 전암대자율이 많이 활 용되고 있다 (Jwa et al, 2006;Uchida et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2010a). SI unit)으로 비신에 비해 매우 낮은 값을 보여 티탄철석 계열의 중립 내지 조립질 흑운모화강암으로 확인되었다 (Ishihara, 1998).…”

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Study for Selection of Replica Stone of the Stele for Buddhist Monk Wonjong at Yeoju Godalsa Temple Site using Magnetic Susceptibility

Lee¹,

Chun²,

김지영³

2016

The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea

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The Stele for Buddhist Monk Wonjong at Godalsa Temple Site was destroyed a long time ago. Only the tortoise-shaped pedestal and the ornamental capstone in the form of a hornless dragon remain at the site and the broken stele body is stored at the National Museum of Korea today. The stele is made of two kinds of rocks that are coarse-grained biotite granite for the pedestal and the capstone, and finegrained biotite granite including hornblende assemblages and feldspar phenocrysts for the stele body. The coarse-grained biotite granite of the pedestal and capstone showed same magnetic susceptibility and lithological characteristics with biotite granite outcrops in Yeoju area, whereas the fine-grained granite of the stele body did not. To find a provenance of the stele body stone, we investigated Korean granites in terms of magnetic susceptibility, lithology and old recordings about construction process of the stele. As a result, Haeju granite is the most likely to be a cognate rock of the stele body stone as it has same texture and lithological characteristics like color, hornblende assemblages, mineral composition and magnetic susceptibility. It is imported from Haeju (North Korea) to South Korea via China commercially, and the most suitable for a replica stone of the stele body.

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Consideration on the construction process and the sandstone quarries during the Angkor period based on the magnetic susceptibility

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

Determining the construction sequence of the Preah Vihear monument in Cambodia from its sandstone block characteristics

Determining the construction sequence of the Preah Vihear monument in Cambodia from its sandstone block characteristics

AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Wood Samples from the Angkor Monuments, Cambodia

Study for Selection of Replica Stone of the Stele for Buddhist Monk Wonjong at Yeoju Godalsa Temple Site using Magnetic Susceptibility

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