Considerations for the Propagation and Conservation of Endangered Lake Suckers of the Western United States

Day, Julie L.; Jacobs, Jennifer L.; Rasmussen, J. E.

doi:10.3996/022016-jfwm-011

Cited by 15 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…With artificial propagation constituting an important component of many native species recovery plans and given the paucity of published information on catostomid rearing methods (Day et al. ), studies evaluating catostomid feeding behaviors in extensive aquaculture are beneficial for future conservation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zooplankton Selectivity by Black Buffalo in Fertilized Ponds

et al. 2019

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Populations of the Black Buffalo Ictiobus niger, a catostomid species, are in decline. Recovery plans for catostomids frequently include artificial propagation and rearing in ponds until fish grow beyond sizes that are considered vulnerable to predation. Managing ponds for specific zooplankton taxa should increase survival and growth of larval fish; however, zooplankton selectivity experiments conducted for catostomids in aquaculture are rare. We conducted two experiments to evaluate zooplankton selectivity by larval and juvenile Black Buffalo in aquaculture ponds. Fry were stocked into tanks or ponds and were allowed to forage on natural zooplankton populations. Fish and zooplankton were sampled after 3 h in tanks and weekly for 4 weeks in ponds. Proportions of zooplankton taxa consumed were compared to the proportions of taxa available in tanks or ponds. Results indicate that Black Buffalo fry do not readily consume zooplankton at first feeding. However, Black Buffalo at 11 d posthatch (1 week poststocking) selected for cladocerans, and they continued selecting for cladocerans through the first 32 d posthatch (4 weeks poststocking). Therefore, rearing ponds for larval and juvenile Black Buffalo should be managed to promote cladoceran populations where possible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), with 35% of species considered imperiled (Day et al. ). Conservation for native species often includes an artificial propagation component (Jackson et al.…”

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Zooplankton Selectivity by Black Buffalo in Fertilized Ponds

et al. 2019

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“…Eggs and larvae are produced each year, but there appears to be consistent cohort collapse within the first 2 y on the basis of juvenile catches that fall to 0 during that period (Burdick and Martin 2017). However, annual survival of adults is relatively high, often around 90% (Hewitt et al 2017), suggesting that reintroducing suckers that have been raised past the survival bottleneck could result in recruitment of new individuals to the adult spawning populations (Day et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Viability of Endangered Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker and the Effects of Assisted Rearing

Rasmussen

Childress

2018

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management

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The Lost River Sucker Deltistes luxatus and Shortnose Sucker Chasmistes brevirostris are two narrowly endemic fish species in the upper Klamath Basin of southern Oregon and northern California. Both species have been federally listed as endangered pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act since 1988 because of dramatic declines in abundance and distribution. In Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, both species have only recruited a single cohort to the adult populations since that time. Most individuals in this population are at or older than the expected life span of the species. Consequently, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Klamath Tribes have initiated assisted rearing efforts to stabilize the population. However, it is unclear how quickly these populations might become extirpated and how assisted rearing might alter population trajectories. We modeled the potential for extinction and recovery of the populations of endangered Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker in Upper Klamath Lake. We simulated population trajectories over the next 50 y with a stochastic population viability assessment approach. Projections indicate that if population trajectories do not change, the Shortnose Sucker population may decline by 78% to number < 5,000 in 10 y and become completely extirpated within the next 30 (18.6% probability) to 40 y (99% probability). The two Lost River Sucker populations have a greater likelihood to remain extant after 50 y, with only 1% probability of extinction given our scenarios and assumptions, but the populations are likely to number fewer than 1,000 individuals. Our results also suggest that rearing of Klamath Lake sucker species in a controlled environment for augmenting the natural population will be effective in reducing extirpation probabilities over the next 50 y if survival to recruitment can be achieved, but a long-term effort of at least 40 y will be required. The necessity of long-term augmentation to ensure population persistence in the absence of natural recruitment underscores the urgent need to determine and address the causes of recruitment failure in the wild.

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“…; Day et al. ), so that the fish will be more like wild fish than farmed fish, a concept called “conservation aquaculture.” This concept has led to the development of purpose‐built conservation aquaculture facilities to culture imperiled species (Tave et al. , , this special section; Feuerbacher et al.…”

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Is Good Fish Culture Management Harming Recovery Efforts in Aquaculture‐Assisted Fisheries?

Tave¹,

Hutson²

2019

N American J Aquac

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To make conservation aquaculture successful, a paradigm shift is needed in what is considered good hatchery management as defined by production aquaculture as well as in the metrics that are used to evaluate hatchery success. In production aquaculture, managers strive to maintain exceptional environmental conditions to maximize yield, the number of fish produced, and survival. However, this type of aquaculture management could decrease the likelihood of success of imperiled species recovery programs due to domestication and epigenetics. Consequently, good management practices in conservation aquaculture should produce conditions that resemble the environment where the fish will be stocked in order to minimize domestication and epigenetic problems that will lower the fitness of wild stocks following augmentation. Changes in what are considered good culture conditions require a new set of hatchery evaluation metrics. The key metric that needs to be altered is the survival rate. Survival is the keystone metric because it determines other metrics such as the number produced, yield, and profits. High survival rates influence domestication, which adversely affects post‐augmentation survival and the fitness of the wild stock. Consequently, lower hatchery survival rates produced by selective pressures in conservation aquaculture are needed to improve success in imperiled species recovery programs. We propose that survival be 10–25% to improve success. Our proposed evaluation metrics for conservation aquaculture are to produce “wild” fish and not lower the fitness of the wild population. We recognize that these recommendations are controversial, but a major goal of this paper is to start a discussion about the most appropriate way to evaluate this type of aquaculture so that recovery efforts for imperiled species can be improved.

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Considerations for the Propagation and Conservation of Endangered Lake Suckers of the Western United States

Cited by 15 publications

References 54 publications

Zooplankton Selectivity by Black Buffalo in Fertilized Ponds

Zooplankton Selectivity by Black Buffalo in Fertilized Ponds

Population Viability of Endangered Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker and the Effects of Assisted Rearing

Is Good Fish Culture Management Harming Recovery Efforts in Aquaculture‐Assisted Fisheries?

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