Considering the “Dog” in Dog–Human Interaction

Horowitz, Alexandra

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.642821

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In terms of the types of activities carried out by the dogs during AATs, our results are in accordance with previous research findings [88], which highlighted the limitations of current studies due to a lack of information on the welfare indicators of dogs-particularly how different interventions (in terms of duration and frequency), the environmental factors of the setting, human manipulation, animal characteristics, etc. can influence these indicators.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Research of Standardized Protocols for Dog Involvement in Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Systematic Review

Santaniello

Garzillo

Cristiano

et al. 2021

Animals

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Dogs are considered the most important species involved in animal-assisted therapy (AAT), and the scientific literature focuses on the benefits linked to the involvement of dogs in various therapeutic areas. In this study, we carried out a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, exploring the scientific literature from the last 5 years (2016–2021) on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to highlight the characteristics of the dogs involved in AATs. Based on the scientific literature relevant to such dogs, we considered different parameters (i.e., number, age, sex, breed, temperament, methods of choice and training, health status, research goals, and activities with dogs) to include studies in our paper. After screening 4331 papers identified on the searched databases, we selected 38 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the included articles showed that the characteristics of the dogs were neglected. Our findings indicated a lack of information about the dogs, as well as the absence of standardized and univocal criteria for dog selection, training programs, and health protocols.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Research of Standardized Protocols for Dog Involvement in Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Systematic Review

Santaniello

Garzillo

Cristiano

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Therefore, it can be questioned whether the true definition of bond is actually being measured. This imbalance was noted previously in work by Payne et al [ 10 ] and Horowitz [ 9 ], while misuse of HAI terms, formerly noted by Wilson and Netting [ 8 ], can also lead to a failure to measure a bond, instead commonly measuring human attachment. Payne et al [ 10 ] pointed out that if the HDB is supposedly symbiotic, then affective benefits to the dog, through attachment or otherwise, should also be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The interchangeable use of HAI terms and meanings has led to the design of HAI questionnaires, referred to throughout as tools, which may not always meet their intended purpose (construct validity) [ 8 ]. Although such tools are human-centric by nature of their intended users (humans), for those intending to measure the HDB, there is often a notable lack of question representation to assess the dog’s side of the relationship [ 9 , 10 ]. By not assessing the dog’s investment into a bond, tools will only assess the human attachment rather than the bi-directional bond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring and Developing the Questions Used to Measure the Human–Dog Bond: New and Existing Themes

Samet

Vaterlaws-Whiteside

Harvey

et al. 2022

Animals

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Dogs play an important role in many western societies, providing companionship, emotional support, and assistance, as well as other more specialist roles. The literature reveals that many human–animal interaction (HAI) questionnaires exist to measure the human–dog bond (HDB). The first part of this study assessed how far existing questionnaires went in measuring HDB (defined as the unique, dynamic and reciprocated relationship between a person and dog, one in which each member can influence the other’s psychological and physiological state). A systematic literature review revealed that a common limitation in HDB questionnaires was a lack of questions based on the dog’s investment in the bond and, therefore, a failure to measure the two-way characteristic of the HDB. This led to the second part of the study: to identify novel themes relating to dog investment in the HDB from which new tool questions could be developed. This was investigated qualitatively using twelve semi-structured interviews on HDB, undertaken with participants from a variety of dog–guardian relationship types. HDB themes that emerged included ‘adaptation’, ‘understanding of a dog’s preferences, likes, and dislikes’, and ‘affirmation’. Subthemes included ‘boundaries’ and ‘expectations’ (within adaptation), ‘excitement’, ‘proximity’, ‘affection’, and ‘recall’ (within affirmation). The themes that arose provide a foundation from which to build new lines of questioning within HDB tools. Such questioning can better represent a dog’s investment in the HDB and, therefore, help create tools that reflect the reciprocal nature of a bond more accurately.

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“…includes adjusting canine research and training methods to acknowledge the sentience of dogs, and the importance of the affective experience for dogs in both research and community settings (8)(9)(10)(11). The discipline of animal welfare science has progressed rapidly over the last two decades, and we have many animal-based, welfare-outcome measures available to us (6,11).…”

Section: Dog Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

The New Era of Canine Science: Reshaping Our Relationships With Dogs

et al. 2021

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Canine science is rapidly maturing into an interdisciplinary and highly impactful field with great potential for both basic and translational research. The articles in this Frontiers Research Topic, Our Canine Connection: The History, Benefits and Future of Human-Dog Interactions, arise from two meetings sponsored by the Wallis Annenberg PetSpace Leadership Institute, which convened experts from diverse areas of canine science to assess the state of the field and challenges and opportunities for its future. In this final Perspective paper, we identify a set of overarching themes that will be critical for a productive and sustainable future in canine science. We explore the roles of dog welfare, science communication, and research funding, with an emphasis on developing approaches that benefit people and dogs, alike.

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Considering the “Dog” in Dog–Human Interaction

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

The Research of Standardized Protocols for Dog Involvement in Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Systematic Review

The Research of Standardized Protocols for Dog Involvement in Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Systematic Review

Exploring and Developing the Questions Used to Measure the Human–Dog Bond: New and Existing Themes

The New Era of Canine Science: Reshaping Our Relationships With Dogs

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