Considering the Role of Human Empathy in AI-Driven Therapy

Rubin, Matan; Arnon, Hadar; Huppert, Jonathan D; Perry, Anat

doi:10.2196/56529

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

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Comparing perceived empathy and intervention strategies of an AI chatbot and human psychotherapists in online mental health support

Yonatan‐Leus,

Brukner

2024

Couns and Psychother Res

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BackgroundGiven the growing potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance therapeutic interventions and work with a large number of people, it is crucial to understand AI's differences, advantages and limitations compared with human therapists.MethodologyThis study compared an AI chatbot's and human psychotherapists' capabilities in responding to mental health enquiries in an online forum. One hundred and fifty questions from a Reddit forum, where qualified therapists provide mental health support, were selected. Each question received two responses: one from a human therapist and one generated by AI. These 300 responses were coded and compared based on empathy indices and psychological intervention types.ResultsThe results indicated that AI scored significantly higher in perspective‐taking (V = 12,957, p < .001, r = .53) and empathic concern (V = 17,400, p < .001, r = .60). AI was more likely to use supportive interventions (42.2% vs. 21.8%) and slightly more likely to aim for insight‐driven change (6.41% vs. 4.57%). In contrast, human therapists were more inclined to provide advice and information (47.84% vs. 39.81%), explore dysfunctional patterns (19.95% vs. 10.29%) and ask clarifying questions (4.09% vs. 0.97%). A chi‐squared test confirmed significant differences between the intervention types used by AI and human therapists (χ2[8, N = 300] = 67.80, p < .001).DiscussionThese findings highlight AI's potential for basic perceived empathic support, especially in administrative tasks and therapist training. However, the study's scope is limited to single interactions, without the consideration of the nuanced communication available to human therapists through speech, facial expressions and body language.

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Comparing perceived empathy and intervention strategies of an AI chatbot and human psychotherapists in online mental health support

Yonatan‐Leus,

Brukner

2024

Couns and Psychother Res

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Disconnected Connections of Learning Beyond Formal Schooling Through Human–Computer–Human Interactions

Prestridge,

Tan,

Jacobsen

et al. 2024

Tech Know Learn

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This article originated from a working group on “Learning beyond formal schooling through human–computer–human interaction (HCHI)” convened at the UNESCO EDUSummIT 2023 in Kyoto (Japan). A polylogue approach was adopted by engaging eight co-authors whose diverse perspectives culminated in propositions that addressed the pivotal question: How should the connections between formal, non-formal, and informal learning be considered in a digitally mediated world? Formal learning is typically structured, organized and chronologically arranged institutional learning, whereas informal learning is associated with everyday learning across contexts throughout one’s life, and non-formal learning is a hybrid of these forms of learning. Considering the growing prominence of informal and non-formal learning in a digitally mediated world, the evolving learning ecosystem calls for a recalibration of the emphasis on formal learning. In this regard, HCHI has the potential to mediate human–human interactions, thereby bridging formal and informal learning. Our articulated position is to preserve the distinct boundaries and inherent complexities of each type of learning while creating opportunities or ‘bridges’ to authentically draw on the processes of each through meaningful actions. The polylogue yielded three propositions to bridge the connections between formal, non-formal and informal learning spaces in a digitally mediated world: (a) formal education institutions can establish strategic alliances and collaborations with learning organizations beyond the formal educational system, (b) the creation of digital learning communities within formal and non-formal spaces exemplify a paradigm of operation in an unregulated, student-centric cohesive space where the educator is a co-participant, (c) the recognition of the value of informal learning experiences by formal education institutions is critical, with emphasis on the learning process rather than the product.

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Artificial intelligence-powered dentistry: Probing the potential, challenges, and ethicality of artificial intelligence in dentistry

Rahim,

Khatoon,

Khan

et al. 2024

DIGITAL HEALTH

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Introduction Healthcare amelioration is exponential to technological advancement. In the recent era of automation, the consolidation of artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry has rendered transformation in oral healthcare from a hardware-centric approach to a software-centric approach, leading to enhanced efficiency and improved educational and clinical outcomes. Objectives The aim of this narrative overview is to extend the succinct of the major events and innovations that led to the creation of modern-day AI and dentistry and the applicability of the former in dentistry. This article also prompts oral healthcare workers to endeavor a liable and optimal approach for effective incorporation of AI technology into their practice to promote oral health by exploring the potentials, constraints, and ethical considerations of AI in dentistry. Methods A comprehensive approach for searching the white and grey literature was carried out to collect and assess the data on AI, its use in dentistry, and the associated challenges and ethical concerns. Results AI in dentistry is still in its evolving phase with paramount applicabilities relevant to risk prediction, diagnosis, decision-making, prognosis, tailored treatment plans, patient management, and academia as well as the associated challenges and ethical concerns in its implementation. Conclusion The upsurging advancements in AI have resulted in transformations and promising outcomes across all domains of dentistry. In futurity, AI may be capable of executing a multitude of tasks in the domain of oral healthcare, at the level of or surpassing the ability of mankind. However, AI could be of significant benefit to oral health only if it is utilized under responsibility, ethicality and universality.

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Considering the Role of Human Empathy in AI-Driven Therapy

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Comparing perceived empathy and intervention strategies of an AI chatbot and human psychotherapists in online mental health support

Comparing perceived empathy and intervention strategies of an AI chatbot and human psychotherapists in online mental health support

Disconnected Connections of Learning Beyond Formal Schooling Through Human–Computer–Human Interactions

Artificial intelligence-powered dentistry: Probing the potential, challenges, and ethicality of artificial intelligence in dentistry

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