In order to determine the types of consultation cases most likely to be viewed as successful or unsuccessful by school psychologists and the reasons for viewed success or failure, questionnaires were sent to a nationwide random sample of 389 practicing school psychologists. Responses were received from 243 practitioners. Chi-square analysis indicated a significantly greater number of attributions to the consultee in the failure condition in comparison with the success condition. Respondents reported more failure in teacher consultation in comparison with parent or parent-teacher consultation. The implications of these results for consultation training and practice are discussed.Numerous surveys have documented school psychologists' desire to devote more time to consultation with parents and teachers (Hughes, 1979;Meacham & Peckham, 1978;Smith, 1984). In fact, consultation has become one of the major functions of school psychologists (Gutkin & Curtis, 1982). The primary impetus for this desire to spend more time in consultation derives from two large advantages that indirect service has over direct service. First, more potential clients are served when the school psychologist disseminates his or her specialized knowledge to a consultee who then applies this knowledge to a larger number of students than could be reached directly. Second, the potential for primary and secondary prevention of future problems increases as a function of consultee mastery of present problem situations. Despite this documented desire to spend more time in consultation, recent surveys of school psychologists indicate that formal training in this area is the exception rather than the rule. For example, Meyers, Wurtz, and Flanagan (1981) surveyed 121 school psychology training programs and found that 60% of them did not offer a course exclu-DOUOLAS K. SMITH received his PhD from Georgia State University in 1977. He is an associate professor in and the chairperson of the Department of Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls. In addition, he directs the School Psychology Training Program. His research interests include the consultation process in school psychology and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. MARK A. LYON received his PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1983. He is currently assistant professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls and teaches primarily in the School Psychology Training Program. His research interests include consultation in the schools, psychoeducational assessment, and academic learning time. THE AUTHORS GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGE the assistance of Connie Schollmeier in this research.