Consistency of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Factor Structure across a Broad Spectrum of Schizophrenia Patients

Kopelowicz, Alex; Ventura, Joseph; Liberman, Robert Paul; Mintz, Jim

doi:10.1159/000111551

Cited by 176 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS; Overall and Gorham, 1962) assessed positive and depression symptoms (Kopelowicz et al, 2008). The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS; Horan et al, 2011) is a 13-tem instrument that yields two subscales, Motivation and Pleasure (MAP) and Expression, which measure the two primary negative symptom factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral approach and avoidance in schizophrenia: An evaluation of motivational profiles

Reddy

Green

Rizzo

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

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Schizophrenia is associated with motivational deficits that interfere with a wide range of goal directed activities. Despite their clinical importance, our current understanding of these motivational impairments is limited. Furthermore, different types of motivational problems are commonly seen among individuals within the broad diagnosis of schizophrenia. The goal of the current study was to examine whether clinically meaningful subgroups could be identified based on approach and avoidance motivational tendencies. We measured these tendencies in 151 individuals with schizophrenia. Although prior studies demonstrate elevated BIS sensitivity in schizophrenia at the overall group level, none have explored various combinations of BIS/BAS sensitivities within this disorder. Cluster analyses yielded five subgroups with different combinations of low, moderate, or high BIS and BAS. The subgroups had interpretable differences in clinically rated negative symptoms and self-reported anhedonia/socio-emotional attitudes, which were not detectable with the more commonly used linear BIS/BAS scores. Two of the subgroups had significantly elevated negative symptoms but different approach/avoidance profiles: one was characterized by markedly low BIS, low BAS and an overall lack of social approach motivation; the other had markedly high BIS but moderate BAS and elevated social avoidance motivation. The two subgroups with relatively good clinical functioning showed patterns of BAS greater than BIS. Our findings indicate there are distinct motivational pathways that can lead to asociality in schizophrenia and highlight the value of considering profiles based on combined patterns of BIS and BAS in schizophrenia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral approach and avoidance in schizophrenia: An evaluation of motivational profiles

Reddy

Green

Rizzo

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

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“…33,34 The expanded BPRS is a 24-item, self-report measure which quantifies the level and presence of psychopathology on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from ''not present'' to ''extremely severe.'' We parsed the BPRS into the standard 4-factor solution of the 24-item BPRS 35 (negative, positive, agitation-mania, and depression-anxiety). ICC between raters at the same site and between sites ranged from 0.82 to 0.87.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expectancy-Value Theory in Persistence of Learning Effects in Schizophrenia: Role of Task Value and Perceived Competency

Choi

Fiszdon

Medalia

2010

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Expectancy-value theory, a widely accepted model of motivation, posits that expectations of success on a learning task and the individual value placed on the task are central determinants of motivation to learn. This is supported by research in healthy controls suggesting that beliefs of selfand-content mastery can be so influential they can predict the degree of improvement on challenging cognitive tasks even more so than general cognitive ability. We examined components of expectancy-value theory (perceived competency and task value), along with baseline arithmetic performance and neuropsychological performance, as possible predictors of learning outcome in a sample of 70 outpatients with schizophrenia randomized to 1 of 2 different arithmetic learning conditions and followed up after 3 months. Results indicated that as with nonpsychiatric samples, perceived self-competency for the learning task was significantly related to perceptions of task value attributed to the learning task. Baseline expectations of success predicted persistence of learning on the task at 3-month follow-up, even after accounting for variance attributable to different arithmetic instruction, baseline arithmetic ability, attention, and self-reports of task interest and task value. We also found that expectation of success is a malleable construct, with posttraining improvements persisting at follow-up. These findings support the notion that expectancy-value theory is operative in schizophrenia. Thus, similar to the nonpsychiatric population, treatment benefits may be enhanced and better maintained if remediation programs also focus on perceptions of self-competency for the training tasks. Treatment issues related to instilling self-efficacy in cognitive recovery programs are discussed.

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“…Clinical symptoms were assessed using the expanded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) (Overall and Gorham, 1962;Lukoff et al, 1986;Kopelowicz et al, 2008). The BPRS total score as well as BPRS mean subscales for positive symptoms and negative symptoms were used to characterize the patient sample.…”

Section: Clinical Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain empathy in schizophrenia: an fMRI study

Horan

Jimenez

Lee

et al. 2016

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Although it has been proposed that schizophrenia is characterized by impaired empathy, several recent studies found intact neural responses on tasks measuring the affective subdomain of empathy. This study further examined affective empathy in 21 schizophrenia outpatients and 21 healthy controls using a validated pain empathy paradigm with two components: (i) observing videos of people described as medical patients who were receiving a painful sound stimulation treatment; (ii) listening to the painful sounds (to create regions of interest). The observing videos component incorporated experimental manipulations of perspective taking (instructions to imagine 'Self' vs 'Other' experiencing pain) and cognitive appraisal (information about whether treatment was 'Effective' vs 'Not Effective'). When considering activation across experimental conditions, both groups showed similar dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI) activation while merely observing others in pain. However, there were group differences associated with perspective taking: controls showed relatively greater dACC and AI activation for the Self vs Other contrast whereas patients showed relatively greater activation in these and additional regions for the Other vs Self contrast. Although patients demonstrated grossly intact neural activity while observing others in pain, they showed more subtle abnormalities when required to toggle between imagining themselves vs others experiencing pain.

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Consistency of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Factor Structure across a Broad Spectrum of Schizophrenia Patients

Cited by 176 publications

References 53 publications

Behavioral approach and avoidance in schizophrenia: An evaluation of motivational profiles

Behavioral approach and avoidance in schizophrenia: An evaluation of motivational profiles

Expectancy-Value Theory in Persistence of Learning Effects in Schizophrenia: Role of Task Value and Perceived Competency

Pain empathy in schizophrenia: an fMRI study

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