Consistency of experimental data in SLLV equilibrium of ternary systems with electrolyte. Application to the water + NaCl + 2-propanol system at 101.3 kPa

Abstract

• Thermodynamic consistency for the phase equilibrium of water + NaCl + 2-propanol ternary system. • Experimental determinations at 101.3 kPa of the liquid-liquid-vapor, solid-liquid-vapor and solid-liquid-liquid-vapor equilibrium for the water + NaCl + 2-propanol ternary system. • The influence of salt and temperature on water + 2-propanol equilibria. • Influence of propanol type on the water + NaCl + 1-propanol or 2-propanol equilibrium phase.

Equilibrium diagram of the water + K2SO4 or Na2SO4 + 1-propanol or 2-propanol systems at boiling conditions and 101.3 kPa

“…Their SLL equilibrium data at 353.15 K are represented in Figure 2. Mills and Smith [16] also determined liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the system with 2-propanol at 313.15 and 333.15 K. As in the systems with K2SO4, the temperatures used in the present work are higher than those but follow the trends of the previous data within the uncertainty of the measurements as can be seen in Figure . In previous works, the equilibrium diagrams of water + NaCl/KCl/NH4Cl + 1-propanol or 2propanol systems [7][8][9][10][11] were determined at boiling temperatures and 101.3 kPa. All these systems, where monovalent salts were involved, showed liquid-liquid phase splitting at the boiling point and even at lower temperatures, giving rise to ATPSs.…”

“…In previous works, the solid-liquid-liquid-vapor (SLLV) equilibrium diagrams of mixtures of water and 1-propanol or 2-propanol with different monovalent salts such as NaCl [7][8], KCl [9] or NH4Cl [10][11] have been studied under boiling conditions at 101.3 kPa. The objective of this work is to study the SLLV equilibrium of water + salt + alcohol systems where the considered salts are divalent.…”

Equilibrium Diagrams of Water + NaCl or KCl + 2-Methyl 2-Propanol at the Boiling Temperature and 101.3 kPa

“…The location of the plait point of the two systems was estimated by the classical method of the intersection of the plot of the Hand equation and the solubility line: The results are shown in Table . It also shows the plait points calculated by the same method for the systems with TB at 298.15 K and systems with NaCl and 1-propanol (1P) and 2-propanol (2P) at the boiling temperature.…”

Use of Ultrasound in the Determination of Isobaric LLV, SLV, and SLLV Equilibrium Data. Application to the Determination of the Water + Na2SO4 or K2SO4 + 2-Methylpropan-2-ol Systems at 101.3 kPa and Boiling Conditions

“…In addition to the mass transfer required to reach the equilibrium state between the liquid phases and between the liquid and the vapor, the mass transfer between the solid and the liquid phase should be enhanced. Ultrasonic waves can also be used, as shown previously [8][9][10] . As in the case of LLV equilibrium, the ultrasonics promote a dispersion of the phases and increase the mass transfer between them.…”

“…In addition to the mass transfer required to reach the equilibrium state between the liquid phases and between the liquid and the vapor, the mass transfer between the solid and the liquid phase should be enhanced. Ultrasonic waves can also be used, as shown previously. − As in the case of LLV equilibrium, the ultrasonics promote a dispersion of the phases and increase the mass transfer between them. In this particular case, the dispersion promoted by the ultrasonic waves disaggregates the solid into particles with a small effective diameter, increasing the surface/volume ratio.…”