1998
DOI: 10.1162/003465398557825
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Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation with Spatially Dependent Panel Data

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Cited by 4,218 publications
(2,539 citation statements)
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“…The test reveals that cross-section correlation is present. To account for this, we applied the estimator proposed by Driscoll and Kraay (1998). This nonparametric estimator corrects the variance-covariance matrix for heteroscedasticity, auto-and panel correlation.…”
Section: Methodsological Robustnessmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The test reveals that cross-section correlation is present. To account for this, we applied the estimator proposed by Driscoll and Kraay (1998). This nonparametric estimator corrects the variance-covariance matrix for heteroscedasticity, auto-and panel correlation.…”
Section: Methodsological Robustnessmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the following analysis, we will consider Random Effect (RE) correcting the standard error by the Newey-West method and the Fixed Effect (FE) analysis using Driscoll and Kraay (1998) standard errors. The error structure is assumed heteroskedastic, autocorrelated up to two lags and possibly correlated between the firms (panels).…”
Section: Panel Data Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The error structure is assumed heteroskedastic, autocorrelated up to two lags and possibly correlated between the firms (panels). The Driscoll and Kraay (1998) Equation (2) is modified as: Driscoll and Kraay (1998) standard error is simply the square root of the diagonal elements of the following asymptotic (robust) covariance matrix:…”
Section: Panel Data Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is robust to heteroskedasticity of unknown form as well as to within-cluster correlation. The estimator (21) was first proposed by Froot (1989), introduced into Stata by Rogers (1993), and extended to allow for serial correlation of unknown form, as in HAC estimation, by Driscoll and Kraay (1998). It is widely used in applied work.…”
Section: Cluster-robust Covariance Matricesmentioning
confidence: 99%