Consistent impaired verbal memory in PTSD: A meta-analysis

Johnsen, Grethe E.; Asbjørnsen, Arve

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.02.007

Cited by 202 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The finding that sexual abuse survivors recalled less neutral information than non-exposed controls confirms the conclusion of other studies (Bremer et al 2004; Johnsen & Asbjørnsen, 2008; Rivera-Vélez et al, 2014). A majority of these studies used the Wechsler Logical Memory Scale, the test on which we based on our methodology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A meta-analysis confirms that subsequent to an interpersonal trauma, individuals suffering from PTSD show verbal memory deficits compared to non-PTSD participants (Brewin, Kleiner, Vasterling, & Field, 2007). Trauma exposure may also be associated with lower performance on episodic memory tests, even independently of PTSD (Johnsen & Asbjørnsen, 2008; Rivera-Vélez, González-Viruet, Martínez-Taboas, & Pérez-Mojica, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Memory for neutral, emotional and trauma-related information in sexual abuse survivors

Forest

Blanchette

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Previous studies have shown that trauma-exposed individuals, including survivors of sexual abuse, show inferior performance in episodic memory tasks compared to non-exposed controls. This, however, has mainly been tested using neutral content. Our goal in this study was to determine whether this relative impairment in episodic memory extends to generally emotional and trauma-related content. Twenty-seven sexual abuse survivors and 27 control women participated in the study. They listened to stories with three content types (neutral, generally emotional and trauma-related) and performed a free-recall task immediately and 30 minutes later. Sexual abuse survivors showed poorer recall of neutral material compared to control participants. Lower recall was also observed for generally emotional content. However, importantly, there was no difference between groups in the recall of trauma-related content. The main novel contribution of this study is the demonstration that verbal episodic memory is not impaired for non-autobiographical trauma-related content in sexual abuse survivors. We discuss how this could be explained by personal relevance and attentional capture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for neutral, emotional and trauma-related information in sexual abuse survivors

Forest

Blanchette

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…In recent studies, both dose reduction and guided discontinuation of SGAs were shown to lead to cognitive improvement in stable patients (Faber et al 2012;Takeuchi et al 2013). Several factors associated with cognitive dysfunction in healthy subjects, such as metabolic syndrome, chronic substance use and stress (Johnsen & Asbjørnsen, 2008;Panza et al 2010;Stavro et al 2013), are more common in schizophrenia and there is no doubt that they can contribute to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. For example, some studies have shown that schizophrenia patients who have co-morbid metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder have more cognitive impairment than other patients without such comorbidities (Goodman et al 2007;Dickinson et al 2008;Fan et al 2008;Manning et al 2009;Friedman et al 2010;Lindenmayer et al 2012;Takayanagi et al 2012;Guo et al 2013).…”

Section: Neurodevelopment and Medical Co-morbidities Substance Use Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental origin of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

2014

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Cognitive impairment is a common feature of schizophrenia; however, its origin remains controversial. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities clearly play a role in pre-morbid cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, yet many authors believe that schizophrenia is characterized by illness-related cognitive decline before and after onset of the psychosis that can be the result of neurodegenerative changes. The main reasons behinds such arguments include, first, the evidence showing that effect sizes of the cognitive deficits in subjects who develop adult schizophrenia gradually increase in the first two decades of life and, second, the fact that there is functional decline in many patients with schizophrenia over the years. In this Editorial, I argue that current evidence suggests that illness-related cognitive impairment is neurodevelopmental in origin and characterized by slower gain (developmental lag) but not cognitive decline continuing throughout the first two decades of life. I introduce a model suggesting that neurodevelopmental abnormality can in fact explain the course of cognitive dysfunction and variations in the trajectory of functional decline throughout the life in individuals with schizophrenia. In this model, the severity of underlying neurodevelopmental abnormality determines the age that cognitive deficits first become apparent and contributes to the cognitive reserve of the individual. Interaction of neurodevelopmental abnormality with clinical symptoms, especially negative symptoms and aging, vascular changes, psychological and iatrogenic factors contributes to the heterogeneity of the functional trajectory observed in this disorder.

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“…Numerous neurocognitive deficits have been linked with the emergence of PTSD (for a recent review see Scott et al, 2015). These include working memory, information processing speed and verbal learning, as well as impairments in short-term and declarative memory (Johnsen & Asbjørnsen, 2008; Samuelson, 2011), attention, and executive functioning (Aupperle et al, 2011; Polak, Witteveen, Reitsma, & Olff, 2012). The associations between neurocognitive deficits and PTSD were independent of concurrent head injury or substance use disorders (Wrocklage et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating web-based cognitive-affective remediation in recent trauma survivors: study rationale and protocol

Fine

Achituv

Etkin

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: The immediate aftermath of traumatic events is a period of enhanced neural plasticity, following which some survivors remain with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others recover. Evidence points to impairments in emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, and broader executive functions as critically contributing to PTSD. Emerging evidence further suggests that the neural mechanisms underlying these functions remain plastic in adulthood and that targeted retraining of these systems may enhance their efficiency and could reduce the likelihood of developing PTSD. Administering targeted neurocognitive training shortly after trauma exposure is a daunting challenge. This work describes a study design addressing that challenge. The study evaluated the direct effects of cognitive remediation training on neurocognitive mechanisms that hypothetically underlay PTSD, and the indirect effect of this intervention on emerging PTSD symptoms. Method: We describe a study rationale, design, and methodological choices involving: (a) participants’ enrolment; (b) implementation and management of a daily self-administered, web-based intervention; (c) reliable, timely screening and assessment of treatment of eligible survivors; and (d) defining control conditions and outcome measures. We outline the rationale of choices made regarding study sample, timing of intervention, measurements, monitoring participants’ adherence, and ways to harmonize and retain interviewers’ fidelity and mitigate eventual burnout by repeated contacts with recently traumatized survivors. Conclusion: Early web-based interventions targeting causative mechanisms of PTSD can be informed by the model presented in this paper.

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Consistent impaired verbal memory in PTSD: A meta-analysis

Cited by 202 publications

References 43 publications

Memory for neutral, emotional and trauma-related information in sexual abuse survivors

Memory for neutral, emotional and trauma-related information in sexual abuse survivors

Neurodevelopmental origin of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

Evaluating web-based cognitive-affective remediation in recent trauma survivors: study rationale and protocol

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