Consolidating innovative practice models: The case for obstructive sleep apnea services in Australian pharmacies

Hanes, Carissa A.; Wong, Keith; Saini, Bandana

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.08.009

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Stakeholder views varied appreciably. Similarly, pharmacists themselves have expressed contrasting opinions on this matter, with some viewing the arrangement as a method to facilitate patient access, and others regarding the practice as inappropriate [16]. The issues surrounding this topic are multifaceted and complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed methods for this phase have been reported previously [16]. To summarise, purposive sampling from a compiled database of pharmacies providing CPAP services was used for recruitment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These participants represented metropolitan (n=10), regional (n=6) and rural or remote (n=6) pharmacies across five Australian states and territories; the majority of participants were pharmacist proprietors (n=14) [16]. Nine stakeholders attended the focus group; the represented stakeholder groups are described in Table 1.…”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of these pathways is reliant on self-report study methods, which introduces potential response bias. In an effort to minimise this, the interview guide questions were pre-piloted to limit potential social desirability bias, and anonymity of all participants was ensured [16]. Inherent to the CPAP provider setting, all pathways assumed that CPAP was the prescribed treatment for patients.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic pathways for obstructive sleep apnoea in the Australian community: observations from pharmacy-based CPAP providers

2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic pathways for obstructive sleep apnoea in the Australian community: observations from pharmacy-based CPAP providers

2015

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“…There is also no dispensing separation in Malaysia, with the resultant lack of prescriptions received rendered pharmacists needing to rely on sales of over‐the‐counter and non‐prescription items to survive their business . Pharmacists do provide professional services because of their altruism and professional self‐satisfaction, but this may not be sustainable in light of unfavourable economic situations and other institutional barriers . Hence, articulating the rationale for providing these services under the current situation is expected to provide important insights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative study exploring professional pharmacy services offered by community pharmacies in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia

Kho

Lim

Saleem

2017

J Pharm Health Serv Res

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Objectives The aim of this research is to obtain in‐depth information on various aspects regarding the provision of professional pharmacy services by community pharmacies in Sarawak, Malaysia. Methods Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a diverse group of community pharmacists selected via purposive and snowball sampling. The resultant interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Key findings In all, 20 community pharmacists took part in the study upon data saturation. Monitoring of health parameters, smoking cessation, weight management, medication review and disease state management were the extended pharmacy services provided. Service provision was influenced by respondents' intrinsic motivations, including having a desire to help others and achieving professional satisfaction. Practical and business considerations were other rationales for services provision. Intra‐organisational barriers faced, including lack of time, personnel and physical space constrained services provision. Cultural issues, lack of committed customers, stock availability and price issues were extra‐organisational challenges faced. The availability of market demands influenced respondents' plans for further service expansion. Conclusions Community pharmacists have both noble intentions and commercial motivations to provide professional pharmacy services. However, various intra‐organisational and extra‐organisational barriers limit the variety of services provided by respondents. Demonstration of a more proactive attitude amongst pharmacists, as well as more opportunities for collaboration and strategic incentives by the government may be useful in encouraging them to expand the range of professional services. Consequently, the positive change will unlock their potential to improve the health and well‐being of the general population.

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A systematic review of pharmacists performing obstructive sleep apnea screening services

Cawley

Warning

2016

Int J Clin Pharm

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Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic sleep disorder associated with a varying degree of upper airway collapse during sleep. Left untreated, OSA can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease including risk of stroke and increased mortality. Pharmacists are the most accessible and underutilized healthcare resource in the community and can have a significant role in screening patients for OSA. The result may include an expedited referral to the patient's general practitioners or sleep disorder specialists for further diagnostic assessment and therapeutic intervention. Aim of the review The primary aim of this review was to identify the current published evidence of pharmacists providing OSA screening services in a community pharmacy setting. Methods A literature search was conducted to identify evidence of pharmacists providing OSA screening services. The literature search including five databases [PubMed, (1946-January 2015), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to January 2015), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Google Scholar] with search terms of ("pharmacist or pharmacy") AND ("obstructive sleep apnea") AND ("sleep disorders") AND ("continuous positive airway pressure-CPAP") were used. Articles were limited to English and reported in humans. Results A total of seven publications (four Australia, two Switzerland and one France) were selected and evaluated. Pharmacists utilized validated screening tools in 6/7 (86 %) of clinical studies to assist in the identification of patients with sleep disorders in community pharmacies. A total of 1701 pharmacies encompassing 9177 patients were screened in the clinical studies. Pharmacists were able to identify between 21.4 and 67 % of patients that were at risk for developing OSA or required a referral to a general practitioner or sleep disorder specialist for further diagnostic testing. Conclusion Studies assessing the role of pharmacists performing OSA screening services remains limited due to the small number of studies available and differences in methodological assessment. More qualitative studies including randomized controlled trials are needed to better identify the value of pharmacists providing this novel service.

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Consolidating innovative practice models: The case for obstructive sleep apnea services in Australian pharmacies

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Diagnostic pathways for obstructive sleep apnoea in the Australian community: observations from pharmacy-based CPAP providers

Diagnostic pathways for obstructive sleep apnoea in the Australian community: observations from pharmacy-based CPAP providers

A qualitative study exploring professional pharmacy services offered by community pharmacies in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia

A systematic review of pharmacists performing obstructive sleep apnea screening services

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