Consolidation of building materials with a phosphate-based treatment: Effects on the microstructure and on the 3D pore network

Possenti, Elena; Colombo, Chiara; Conti, Claudia; Marinoni, Nicoletta; Merlini, Marco; Negrotti, R.; Realini, Marco; Gatta, G. Diego

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2019.05.037

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…At the border between cleaning and consolidation, desalinization is often necessary; the removal of soluble salts is usually made by applying wet poultices consisting of clays or cellulosic mixtures [97,98], the alternative treatments proposed being represented by the application of ohmic technologies [99] and electrochemical methods [98], limewater (calcium hydroxide solution [100], crystallization modifiers (ferrocyanides, borax, etc. [101,102], or diammonium hydrogenphosphate [103].…”

Section: Consolidation and Protection Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

2020

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Vernacular buildings are usually constructed using materials at hand, including wood, natural stone and bricks (either clay or mud bricks). All those materials are exposed to a series of environmental factors, affecting their structure and integrity. The literature review was conducted using different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink) using as keywords the historical material, "heritage" and the terms regarding the desired effect, within the envisaged time period (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019). The assessment of the results was performed by manual inspection (reading the entire article) and the selection of the works to be inserted in the current review was made by evaluating the contribution to the field. This review summarizes different aspects related to the restoration and conservation of wooden and masonry elements of traditional buildings, including materials used for biocidal interventions, protection against abiotic factors, cleaning and consolidation agents. Finally, a critical discussion regarding the current limitations and future perspectives concludes the review work, envisaging the role of researchers specialized in materials science in the context of cultural heritage conservation.

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Section: Consolidation and Protection Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

2020

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“…These materials often demand active conservation actions to prevent or slow down material losses [6]. Consolidation of decayed carbonate stone has been intensively studied to find appropriate treatments to address the fragile surfaces of these stones (e.g., [7][8][9]). Due to compositional and textural complexities, positive results consequent of such treatments are still scarce [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEOS Nanocomposites for the Consolidation of Carbonate Stone: The Effect of Nano-HAp and Nano-SiO2 Modifiers

et al. 2022

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This study aimed at evaluating the effect of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanosized structures and nanoparticles of hydrophilic silica as modifiers of both acid- and alkaline-catalysed tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)-based products for the consolidation of carbonate stones. Their initial effectiveness and some compatibility aspects were assessed in a porous limestone (sound and artificially aged Ançã stone samples) and two types of treatment (capillary absorption and brushing). The studied products were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Their depth of penetration and strengthening effect were evaluated through drilling resistance. Their action on the substrate was also further assessed by non-destructive methods based on colour variation and Shore-D hardness. Treated stone samples were dissimilarly affected by the tested treatments and exhibited a significant increase in strength with a low risk of over-strengthening. Adequate in-depth penetration patterns, as well as colour compatibility with the substrate were obtained with some of the prepared formulations through two types of treatment, both in sound and aged stone samples. The potential most effective treatments with the lowest colour change were obtained with the acid-catalysed TEOS-based products modified with HAp nanosized structures.

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“…1 By forming new crystalline phases, these conservation treatments irreversibly modify the mineralogical composition, the microstructural features, and the mechanical−physical properties of the original materials. 4 The nature and extent of these variations depend on several mutually interacting variables. Different crystalline phases are formed depending on the reaction conditions (i.e., pH, reagent molarity, ionic strength, mineralogical composition of the substrate, etc).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Resolved ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy and Macro ATR–FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging of Inorganic Treatments for Stone Conservation

et al. 2021

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In this study, the novel application of ATR−FTIR spectroscopy and macro ATR−FTIR spectroscopic imaging overcame an analytical challenge in conservation science: the time-resolved, chemical, and spatial investigation of the reaction of inorganic treatments for stone conservation (ammonium oxalate, AmOx; ammonium phosphate, DAP) occurring in water-based solutions. The aim was to (1) assess the composition and localization of reaction products and their phase variation during the reaction in real time and directly in an aqueous environment and (2) investigate the reaction of AmOx and DAP with calcite and the transformations induced to the substrate with a time-resolved approach. The new analytical results showed that for both treatments, the formation of new crystalline phases initiated at the early stages of the reaction. Their composition changed during the treatment and led to more stable phases. The reactivity of the stone substrate to the treatments varied as a function of the stone material features, such as the specific surface area. A clear influence of post-treatment rinsing on the final composition of reaction phases was observed. Above all, our research demonstrates the actual feasibility, practicality, and high potential of an advanced ATR−FTIR spectroscopic approach to investigate the behavior of conservation treatments and provided new analytical tools to address the choices of conservation in pilot worksites. Lastly, this study opens novel analytical perspectives based on the new possible applications of ATR−FTIR spectroscopic imaging in the field of conservation science, materials science, and analytical chemistry.

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Consolidation of building materials with a phosphate-based treatment: Effects on the microstructure and on the 3D pore network

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

TEOS Nanocomposites for the Consolidation of Carbonate Stone: The Effect of Nano-HAp and Nano-SiO2 Modifiers

Time-Resolved ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy and Macro ATR–FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging of Inorganic Treatments for Stone Conservation

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