Constant electric bias dependence of wave propagation in a rotating piezoelectric crystal

Effects of rotation and electric bias in the semi‐infinite piezoelectric medium on Rayleigh wave velocity

“…We introduce the Coriolis force K i $$$$\begin{equation} {K}_i = 2{\varepsilon }_{irk}{\Omega }_r\frac{{\partial {u}_k}}{{\partial t}} \end{equation}$$$$to the piezoelectric motion equation with constitutive equations [11–13] and obtain $$$$\begin{equation} \def\eqcellsep{&}\begin{array}{l} {\mathop C\limits^{\mathrm{o}} }_{ijkl}{u}_{k,li} + {\mathop e\limits^o }_{kij}{\varphi }_{,ki} = \rho \left[ {\frac{{{\partial }^2{u}_j}}{{\partial {t}^2}} + 2{\varepsilon }_{jik}{\Omega }_i\frac{{\partial {u}_k}}{{\partial t}}} \right]\\ - {\mathop \in \limits^o }_{ij}{\phi }_{,ji} + {\mathop e\limits^o }_{ikl}{u}_{k,li} = 0 \end{array} \end{equation}$$$$where ρ represents mass density, t time, u j displacement vector, ϕ electric potential, $${\varepsilon }_{jik}$$ the Levi‐Civita tensor. $${\Omega }_i$$ is rotation speed vector whose unit is the same as wave frequency ω, so the dimensionless quantity of rotation ratio η = Ω i /ω is used in the following.…”

“… 2. As can be seen from Figure 4, the effects of positive and negative electric biases on Rayleigh wave velocity are different as similar as the bulk waves [11]. The positive bias can amplify the wave velocity in contrast to the negative bias.…”

“…However, no correspondence has been established between the variations of Rayleigh surface wave and rotation as well as electric bias despite several studies on bulk waves [11, 12]. The purpose of this work is to investigate the behavior of Rayleigh wave velocity variations from the standpoint of rotation and electric bias.…”