We show that a compact weighted extremal Kähler manifold (as defined by the third named author in [50]) has coercive weighted Mabuchi energy with respect to a maximal complex torus G in the reduced group of complex automorphisms. This provides a vast extension and a unification of a number of results concerning Kähler metrics satisfying special curvature conditions, including Kähler metrics with constant scalar curvature [14,21], extremal Kähler metrics [44], Kähler-Ricci solitons [27] and their weighted extensions [12,42]. Our result implies the strict positivity of the weighted Donaldson-Futaki invariant of any non-product G-equivariant smooth Kähler test configuration with reduced central fibre, a property also known as weighted K-polystability on such test configurations. For a class of fibre-bundles, we use our result in conjunction with the results of Chen-Cheng [21], He [44] and in order to characterize the existence of extremal Kähler metrics and Calabi-Yau cones associated to the total space, in terms of the coercivity of the weighted Mabuchi energy of the fibre. In particular, this yields an existence result for Sasaki-Einstein metrics on Fano toric fibrations, extending the results of Futaki-Ono-Wang [36] in the toric Fano case, and of in the case of Fano P 1 -bundles.