Constipation and Botanical Medicines: An Overview

Cirillo, Carla; Capasso, Raffaele

doi:10.1002/ptr.5410

Cited by 93 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In a previous randomized double-blind study, Ma-zi-ren-wan was shown to be safe and effective at alleviating functional constipation [42]. One of the commonly prescribed single herb, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, was also a commonly used laxative [43]. Other herbal formulas such as Liu-wei-di-huang-wan was used for improving osteoporosis [44] and Shao-yao-gan-cao-tang for relieving muscle spasm [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary traditional Chinese medicine use in Children with cerebral palsy: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

Liao

Yen

Muo

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundComplementary traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat patients with cerebral palsy (CP). However, large-scale surveys examining its use in the treatment of CP and associated disorders are lacking.MethodsWe enrolled 11,218 patients ≤ 18 years of age with CP in the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database from 1995 to 2011. Patients were categorized as TCM users (n = 6,997; 62.37%) and non-TCM users (n = 4,221; 37.63%) based on the inclusion of TCM in their treatment plan.ResultsChildren with higher proportions of complementary TCM use were male, younger, and lived in urbanized areas. Most TCM users (n = 5332, 76.2%) visited TCM outpatient departments more than 20 times per year. In both groups, the three most common reasons for clinical visits were problems of the nervous system, respiratory system, and digestive system. Acupuncture was commonly used in problems of injury, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and nervous system. Chinese herbal medicine was used to improve the primary symptoms of CP in patients, as well as its associated disorders. The incidence rate ratios in allergic rhinitis, dyspepsia, menstrual disorders, and musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases among TCM users were significantly higher than non-TCM users. Although patients receiving complementary TCM therapies had higher medical expenditure for utilizing outpatient clinical consultations, their medical costs for visiting ER and hospitalization were significantly lower than that of non-TCM user within one year of the diagnosis of CP.ConclusionThis study was a large-scale survey to characterize patterns of complementary TCM use among children with CP. The complementary use of TCM in children with CP was considerably high. Future clinical trials and basic researches can be developed based on the findings of this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary traditional Chinese medicine use in Children with cerebral palsy: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

Liao

Yen

Muo

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…According to the compatibility principle of TCM, rhubarb is the principal drug in TWCQT [3]. Rhubarb is officially listed in the Chinese, European, and Japanese Pharmacopoeia, commonly used in TCM prescriptions, as well as in self-medication for constipation in many countries [4]. Anthraquinones are reported to be the major active components present in rhubarb with wide pharmacological effects and some toxicity concerns [5–7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviating the Intestinal Absorption of Rhein in Rhubarb through Herb Compatibility in Tiaowei Chengqi Tang in Caco‐2 Cells

Peng

Fan

Peng

et al. 2018

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (TWCQT) is composed of rhubarb, processed liquorice, and Natrii Sulfas, which is used as a purgative in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study focused on the intestinal absorption of rhein in disassembly of the TWCQT extracts through the Caco-2 cell monolayer model to explicate the possible detoxification mechanism of herb-herb compatibility in TWCQT. The results showed that the intestinal absorption of rhein occurred through active diffusion, and rhein might be composed of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) substrates. The extract of processed liquorice increased the exclusion rate and reduced intracellular uptake of rhein. The consistent results observed in TWCQT further implied that processed liquorice in TWCQT could suppress the absorption of rhein across the Caco-2 cell monolayer. It has therefore been concluded that the active ingredients of processed liquorice may play a critical role in reducing the intestinal absorption of rhein to alleviate the toxicity of rhubarb in TWCQT. Because of BCRP's involvement in rhein transport, we conjectured that some components in processed liquorice could inhibit the transport of rhein, possibly by mediating BCRP. These results would provide new insight into this ancient drug combination in toxicity reduction and clinical use.

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“…Constipation is a common gastrointestinal complaint clinically, affecting an estimated 12–19% of Americans, 14% of Asians and up to 27% of the global population [8, 9], and significantly impacts on health-related quality of life [10]. With an unfavorable response to current treatments, many patients in China seek help from TCM, mostly taking herbal medicine [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying traditional Chinese medicine patterns using modern test theory: an example of functional constipation

Shen

Cui

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe study aimed to validate a scale to assess the severity of “Yin deficiency, intestine heat” pattern of functional constipation based on the modern test theory.MethodsPooled longitudinal data of 237 patients with “Yin deficiency, intestine heat” pattern of constipation from a prospective cohort study were used to validate the scale. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the common factors of items. A multidimensional item response model was used to assess the scale with the presence of multidimensionality.ResultsThe Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.79 to 0.89, and the split-half reliability ranged from 0.67 to 0.79 at different measurements. Exploratory factor analysis identified two common factors, and all items had cross factor loadings. Bidimensional model had better goodness of fit than the unidimensional model. Multidimensional item response model showed that the all items had moderate to high discrimination parameters. Parameters indicated that the first latent trait signified intestine heat, while the second trait characterized Yin deficiency. Information function showed that items demonstrated highest discrimination power among patients with moderate to high level of disease severity.ConclusionsMultidimensional item response theory provides a useful and rational approach in validating scales for assessing the severity of patterns in traditional Chinese medicine.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1518-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Constipation and Botanical Medicines: An Overview

Cited by 93 publications

References 41 publications

Complementary traditional Chinese medicine use in Children with cerebral palsy: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

Complementary traditional Chinese medicine use in Children with cerebral palsy: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

Alleviating the Intestinal Absorption of Rhein in Rhubarb through Herb Compatibility in Tiaowei Chengqi Tang in Caco‐2 Cells

Quantifying traditional Chinese medicine patterns using modern test theory: an example of functional constipation

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