Constituents of cotton bud.  Formulation of boll weevil feeding stimulant mixtures

Hedin, P. A.; Miles, L. R.; Thompson, A. C.; Minyard, J. P.

doi:10.1021/jf60157a003

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…leaf beetles. Quercetin, a common flavonoid extracted from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and also found in Cirsium and Carduus spp., stimulated feeding by the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis (Hedin et al, 1968). Haribal and Renwick (1996) found that, out of six glycosidic quercetin compounds in Asclepias curassavica, only two were active as oviposition stimulants for the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus.…”

Section: Biological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?

Jordon‐Thaden

Louda

2003

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

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Prediction of host plant range and ecological impact of exotic phytophagous insects, such as insects for classical biological control of weeds, represents a major challenge. Recently, the flowerhead weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus Fröl.), introduced from Europe into North America to control exotic thistles (Carduus spp.), has become invasive. It feeds heavily on some, but not all species of native North American thistles (Cirsium spp.). We hypothesized that such non-target use among native plants could be better predicted by knowledge of characteristic chemical profiles of secondary compounds to supplement the results of host specificity testing. To evaluate this hypothesis, we reviewed the literature on the chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus thistles. We asked what compounds are known to be present, what is known about their biological activity, and whether such information on chemical profiles would have better predicted realized host range and ecological effects of R. conicus in North America. We found an extensive, but incomplete literature on the chemistry of true thistles. Two main patterns emerged. First, consistent chemical similarities and interesting differences occur among species of thistles. Second, variation occurs in biologically active groups of characteristic compounds, specifically flavonoids, sterols, alkaloids and phenolic acids, that are known to influence host plant acceptance, selection, and feeding by phytophagous insects. Surprisingly, sesquiterpene lactones, which are characteristic in closely related Asteraceae, have not been extensively reported for Cirsium or Carduus. The minimal evidence on sesquiterpene lactones may reflect extraction methods vs. true absence. In summary, our review suggests further research on thistle chemistry in insect feeding is warranted. Also, since the exotic Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is an invasive thistle of current concern in North America, such research on mechanisms underlying host range expansion by exotic insects would be useful.

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Section: Biological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?

Jordon‐Thaden

Louda

2003

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

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“…The Boll Weevil Research Laboratory at State College, Mississippi, is therefore investigating the constituents of cotton plants in an effort to identify those which attract or initiate other specific host plant-insect behavior. This continuing study of the aroma profile of the cotton plant (4,(9)(10)(11) has resulted in the isolation and identification of a number of carbonyls, terpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxides, and alcohols obtained from the essential oils by steam distillation. This report describes a qualitative and quantitative survey of the chemical components transpired by the growing plant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Quantitative Analysis of the Volatile Substances Emitted by Maturing Cotton in the Field

et al. 1971

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When atmosphere from cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Deltapine Smoothleaf) was condensed by passing it over the expansion coil of an air conditioner and three 1-hour collections per day (early morning, noon, and late afternoon) were made, the total essential oils were found to consist of 50 to 60% 8-bisabolol (lk 1660) and y-bisabolene (Ix 1550) and 30 to 40% geraniol (1x 1250), myrtenal (1k 1328), nerolidol (Ix 1520), and ,B-caryophyllene oxide (1k 1590). As the plant matured, trans-2-hexanol was produced in concentrations of 7 to 27%. Before fruiting, 3-bisabolol made up as much as 60% of the total essential oil transpired by the plants, and as the concentration of /3-bisabolol increased, that of y-bisabolene decreased.Ample laboratory (3, 6) and field (12) of the transpired components, the water condensed by the air conditioner was collected every 15 min from the expansion coils, and the volume was measured. Samples of water collected over a period of 1 hr three times a day, from 0800 to 0900, from 1300 to 1400, and from 1700 to 1800 hr CST were pooled for analysis. Measurements of humidity made at the end of each period permitted adjustment of the changes in transpiration by changes in the water content of the air. The water from each hourly collection was extracted three times with 300-ml portions of dichloromethane. Then the combined extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the solvent was removed at 35 C. The resulting oil was diluted to a constant volume for gas-liquid chromatography.Gas Chromatographic Analysis. The oils were subjected to GLC3 at the following conditions: 3.2 mm X 3.047 m stainless steel column packed with 10% SE-30 on 60/80 mesh Chromosorb-P treated with hexamethyl disilazane. Carrier gas flow (N2) was at a rate of 50 ml/min; column temperature was 175 C; injector and detector temperatures were 180 and 195 C, respectively. Kovats' indices (7) were obtained by GLC of a series of normal hydrocarbons at the same conditions. These values, e.g., decane = 1000. undecane = 1100, reflect GLC effective molecular weights (5) which aid in the evaluation of the GLC profile. The GLC peak assignments were made with reference to our previous structural work (8, 10, 11).Quantitation. Standard samples of decane and /3-bisabolol were diluted with heptane, and a known quantity was gas chromatographed using the same conditions as the essential oils. Peak area was measured by triangulation, and the total area for both standards was normalized to 100% so the value for each component was a percentage. Therefore, the nonlinear relationship of component concentration to peak area was adjusted by using two standards. Decane and heptadecane were added to the samples as internal standards.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table I gives the concentration of oil present in the water condensate from three daily collections from 23 plants in the closed system on 10 days within a period of 24 days from September 9 to October 2. At the time of initial samplings, the plant was beginni...

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“…There is still a residual mortality of insects feeding on white glandless petals (Table III). This can be attributed at least in part to the flavonoids, some of which we have previously identified (28) and demonstrated to be toxic to this insect (Table I).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Multiple Factors in Cotton Contributing to Resistance to the Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens F.

Hedin

Jenkins

Collum

et al. 1983

Plant Resistance to Insects

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Constituents of cotton bud. Formulation of boll weevil feeding stimulant mixtures

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?

Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?

Identification and Quantitative Analysis of the Volatile Substances Emitted by Maturing Cotton in the Field

Multiple Factors in Cotton Contributing to Resistance to the Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens F.

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