Constitution of two coloring matters in the flower petals of L.

Takahashi, Yoshiyuki; Miyasaka, Nobutoshi; Tasaka, Shigeo; Miura, Iwao; Urano, Shiro; Ikura, Mitsuo; Hikichi, Kunio; Matsumoto, Takeshi; Wada, Mizu

doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)85786-x

Cited by 93 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…SY is a natural yellow pigment and mixtures of water-soluble chalcone component, in which hydroxysafflor yellow A, safflower yellow A and safflower yellow B are the main components (Meselhy et al 1993;Takahashi et al 1982). All of these compounds have been classified within the quino chalcone family of flavonoids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safflower yellow ameliorates cognition deficits and reduces tau phosphorylation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice

et al. 2016

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Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia worldwide, is mainly characterized by the aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau. Safflower yellow (SY) is a novel water extract of natural safflower and has been suggested to ameliorate memory deficits in several animal models of dementia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of SY on deficits of learning and memory and hyperphosphorylation of tau in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. APP/PS1 mice were administered with SY (10, 30, 100 mg/kg) by oral gavage for three months at the age of six months. The ability of learning and memory was investigated using the step-down test and Morris water maze test, and protein level in the brain was evaluated using western blot. Here, we found that SY treatment can improve spatial learning and memory ability, and reduce tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser199, Thr205, Ser396, Ser404 sites in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, the activity the of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK-5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), major kinases involved in tau phosphorylation, was siginificantly decreased in APP/PS1 mice by SY treatment. These results support SY can serve as a promising multitarget neuronal therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safflower yellow ameliorates cognition deficits and reduces tau phosphorylation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice

et al. 2016

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“…1) The major pigment in Carthamus Red is carthamin with two fully conjugated chalcone moieties, 2,3) whereas a minor red pigment was isolated and identified as the hydroxyethyl ether of carthamin 4) (Fig. 1A).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative Determination of Carthamin in Carthamus Red by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Spectroscopy

Yoshida

Terasaka

Kato

et al. 2013

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Carthamus Red is a food colorant prepared from the petals of Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) whose major pigment is carthamin. Since an authentic carthamin standard is difficult to obtain commercially for the preparation of calibration curves in HPLC assays, we applied 1 H-NMR spectroscopy to the quantitative determination of carthamin in commercial preparations of Carthamus Red. Carthamus Red was repeatedly extracted in methanol and the extract was dissolved in pyridine-d 5 containing hexamethyldisilane (HMD) prior to 1 H-NMR spectroscopic analysis. The carthamin contents were calculated from the ratios of singlet signal intensities at approximately σ: 9.3 derived from H-16 of carthamin to those of the HMD signal at σ: 0. The integral ratios exhibited good repeatability among NMR spectroscopic analyses. Both the intra-day and inter-day assay variations had coefficients of variation of <5%. Based on the coefficient of absorption, the carthamin contents of commercial preparations determined by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy correlated well with those determined by colorimetry, although the latter were always approximately 1.3-fold higher than the former, irrespective of the Carthamus Red preparations. In conclusion, the quantitative 1 H-NMR spectroscopy used in the present study is simple and rapid, requiring no carthamin standard for calibration. After HMD concentration has been corrected using certified reference materials, the carthamin contents determined by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy are System of Units (SI)-traceable.

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“…The quinochalcones found in Carthamus tinctorius L. (Chinese name: Hong‐Hua) have a unique structure with a C‐glycosylated cyclohexanonedienol moiety. Some compounds reported so far are carthamin,1 safflomin A,2 safflomin C,3 safflor yellow A,1 hydroxysafflor yellow A,4 safflor yellow B,5 tinctormine4 and cartormin6 as pigments. Hydroxysafflor yellow A is a marker component to control the quality of Carthamus tinctorius L. because of its unambiguous bioactivity 7, 8.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of C‐glycosyl quinochalcones in Carthamus tinctorius L. by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Jin

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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C-Glycosyl quinochalcones are unique components in Carthamus tinctorius L. The reported C-glycosyl quinochalcones have the same quinochalcone skeleton with a hydroxyl group at the 5'-position and a glucose linked to this position with a carbon-carbon bond. In this study, the standard hydroxysafflor yellow A and water-extracted fraction of Carthamus tinctorius L. were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOFMS) in both positive and negative ion modes. The fragmentation pathways of C-glycosyl quinochalcones were interpreted and validated by accurate mass measurement. Their fragmentation showed a special cleavage at the C-C bond except for the typical internal cleavage at the sugar moiety of other C-glycosyl flavonoids. In positive ion mode, cleavage of the 5'-glucose produced an [M+H-162](+) ion by a neutral loss, while cleavage of the 5'-glucose in negative ion mode led to an [M-H-163](-.) ion by radical cleavage. The cleavage from the carbonyl group produced fragment ions containing an A or a B ring. The fragment ions containing an A ring were common product ions of seven compounds in both ion modes, and fragment ions containing the B ring were used to judge the different substituent groups at the 3'-position. The fragmentation patterns of seven structurally related C-glycosyl quinochalcones were analyzed systematically and the formation of the fragment ions in two modes is explained in detail in this report. UPLC/Q-TOFMS is an effective tool for characterizing a complex sample, which gives higher resolution separation and generates accurate mass measurement of the product ions.

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Constitution of two coloring matters in the flower petals of L.

Cited by 93 publications

References 9 publications

Safflower yellow ameliorates cognition deficits and reduces tau phosphorylation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice

Safflower yellow ameliorates cognition deficits and reduces tau phosphorylation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice

Quantitative Determination of Carthamin in Carthamus Red by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Spectroscopy

Characterization of C‐glycosyl quinochalcones in Carthamus tinctorius L. by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

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