“…Additionally, stress is reported to augment addictive behaviors via an increase in the rewarding properties or rewarding memory of cocaine (McLaughlin et al, 2003;Kreibich et al, 2009;Schindler et al, 2010Schindler et al, , 2012Montagud-Romero et al, 2015). These modulations of addictive behaviors are attributed to stress-and aversive stimulus-induced neuroadaptation and the release of stress-related neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the j-opioid agonist dynorphin, and noradrenaline (NA), in reward-related circuitry (Shaham & Hope, 2005;Smith & Aston-Jones, 2008;Ungless et al, 2010;Wise & Morales, 2010;Graziane et al, 2013;McReynolds et al, 2014;Polter & Kauer, 2014;Mantsch et al, 2016;Stelly et al, 2016;Polter et al, 2017). Moreover, studies have revealed that the effects of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators on information processing are altered following cocaine administration.…”