Constitutive modeling for hypervelocity cratering

Stardust interstellar dust calibration: Hydrocode modeling of impacts on Al‐1100 foil at velocities up to 300 km s−1 and validation with experimental data

“…(1992) describe a set of experiments where submicron iron projectiles were fired onto (single‐crystal) aluminum at velocities approximately 26 km s − 1 using a Van de Graaff accelerator. Their data are reproduced in Table 2 (from Davidson and Walsh 1995) with the results from ––see later. Note, to calculate the projectile diameter from the quoted mass the density of iron projectiles was assumed to be 7.87 g cm − 3 .…”

“…2008; Price et al. 2010c); iron projectiles accelerated in a Van de Graff up to 27 km s −1 (Davidson and Walsh 1995) and platinum‐coated enstatite projectiles accelerated in a VdG at 16 km s − 1 . High speed data, up to 17 km s − 1 , also exist (Igsleder and Igenbergs 1990) for large (>20 μm) diameter glass projectiles accelerated in a plasma accelerator, but were not utilized in this study as the projectiles ranged in size from 20 to 200 μm, far larger than that expected of interstellar dust particles.…”

“…Davidson and Walsh (1995) and Stradling et al. (1992) describe a set of experiments where submicron iron projectiles were fired onto (single‐crystal) aluminum at velocities approximately 26 km s − 1 using a Van de Graaff accelerator.…”

“…The second stage of the modeling program was to fit the experimental data from Davidson and Walsh (1995); Price et al. (2010c); and the explicitly simulated data, (Figs.…”

“… Comparison of measured crater diameters from Davidson and Walsh (1995) (crosses, Table 2) with calculations from (squares and broken lines). The lines (from bottom to top of diagram) are for 100 nm, 300 nm, 600 nm, 800 nm, and 1 μm diameter iron projectiles, respectively, and illustrate the nonlinear increase in crater diameter as a function of impact velocity for a particular projectile diameter.…”