Constitutive relations between dynamic physical parameters near a tip of the propagating slip zone during stick-slip shear failure

Ohnaka, Mitiyasu; Kuwahara, Yasuto; Yamamoto, Kiyohiko

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(87)90011-4

Cited by 166 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is a transitional process from static to dynamic friction. Such weakening has been predicted theoretically (e.g., Ida 1972;Palmer and Rice 1973) and confirmed in the laboratory (e.g., Dieterich 1978;Ohnaka et al 1987;Tsutsumi and Shimamoto 1997).…”

Section: Slip-weakening Distancesupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Frictional wearing is one of possible mechanisms where worn (gouge) material on the fault weakens the fault. Matsu'ura et al (1992) theoretically explained the slip weakening data obtained by Ohnaka et al (1987) based on abrasion of the fault. Chambon et al (2002) conducted friction experiments at slow slip rate for gougefilled fault and observed that the gouge layer caused a slip weakening behavior.…”

Section: Slip-weakening Distancementioning

confidence: 79%

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Constitutive parameters for earthquake rupture dynamics based on high-velocity friction tests with variable sliprate

Fukuyama

Mizoguchi

2009

Int J Fract

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To reproduce the dynamic rupture process of earthquakes, the fault geometry, initial stress distribution and a frictional constitutive law on the fault are important parameters as initial and boundary conditions of the system. Here, we focus on the frictional constitutive relation on the fault. During a high-speed rupture, fault strength decreases as slip develops which can be described by a slip weakening equation. To understand the physical process of stress breakdown during the dynamic rupture of earthquakes, we investigated the friction behavior of rocks in the laboratory by direct measurements of traction evolution with slip in response to a given slip history. We employed a highspeed rotary shear apparatus introduced at National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). This apparatus has a capability of sliding with predefined variable velocities using a servo-controlled system. We used a pair of granite cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 25 mm. As an input signal, we used a regularized Yoffe function to investigate the scale dependence of fracture energy and slip weakening distance (D c ). We observed a positive correlation between D c and total slip, keeping the maximum slip velocity constant. These conditions correspond to those for earthquakes with the same stress drop and varying magnitudes. Finally, we used a

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Section: Slip-weakening Distancesupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Slip-weakening Distancementioning

confidence: 79%

Constitutive parameters for earthquake rupture dynamics based on high-velocity friction tests with variable sliprate

Fukuyama

Mizoguchi

2009

Int J Fract

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“…However, in order to study the evolution of friction during dynamic rupture propagation, it is essential to measure the shear stress directly along the sliding surface as conducted by Dieterich (1981b), Dieterich (1981, 1984), Lockner and Okubo (1983), Ohnaka et al (1987), and Beeler et al (2012). The shear force gauge between the reaction force bar and the upper specimen (12 in Fig.…”

Section: Behavior Of the Friction Apparatus During Stick-slipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biaxial friction apparatus built by Marone, now at Pennsylvania State University, is one of the most widely used apparatuses in the world at present (Marone 1998: Niemeijer et al 2010; papers quoted therein). Ohnaka et al (1987) used a two-block biaxial friction apparatus with a fault plane oriented at an angle to the loading axis, conducted very detailed experiments on dynamic rupture propagation, and established his constitutive law (see Ohnaka 2013). A large-scale biaxial apparatus was built at the USGS Menlo Park and has been used for studying rupture propagation (Dieterich 1981b;Lockner and Okubo 1983;Okubo and Dieterich 1984;Beeler et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stick–slip behavior of Indian gabbro as studied using a NIED large-scale biaxial friction apparatus

et al. 2015

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This paper reports stick-slip behaviors of Indian gabbro as studied using a new large-scale biaxial friction apparatus, built in the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Tsukuba, Japan. The apparatus consists of the existing shaking table as the shear-loading device up to 3,600 kN, the main frame for holding two large rectangular prismatic specimens with a sliding area of 0.75 m 2 and for applying normal stresses r n up to 1.33 MPa, and a reaction force unit holding the stationary specimen to the ground. The shaking table can produce loading rates v up to 1.0 m/s, accelerations up to 9.4 m/s 2 , and displacements d up to 0.44 m, using four servocontrolled actuators. We report results from eight preliminary experiments conducted with room humidity on the same gabbro specimens at v = 0.1-100 mm/s and r n = 0.66-1.33 MPa, and with d of about 0.39 m. The peak and steady-state friction coefficients were about 0.8 and 0.6, respectively, consistent with the Byerlee friction. The axial force drop or shear stress drop during an abrupt slip is linearly proportional to the amount of displacement, and the slope of this relationship determines the stiffness of the apparatus as 1.15 9 10 8 N/m or 153 MPa/m for the specimens we used. This low stiffness makes fault motion very unstable and the overshooting of shear stress to a negative value was recognized in some violent stick-slip events. An abrupt slip occurred in a constant rise time of 16-18 ms despite wide variation of the stress drop, and an average velocity during an abrupt slip is linearly proportional to the stress drop. The use of a large-scale shaking table has a great potential in increasing the slip rate and total displacement in biaxial friction experiments with large specimens.

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“…Understanding of the earthquake sources has been developed by investigating the complexity of faulting processes for the case of large earthquakes (e.g., Boatwright, 1988;Das and Aki, 1977;Fukao and Furumoto, 1985;Kikuchi and Kanamori, 1986;Koyama, 1985;Mikumo and Miyatake, 1987;Takeo, 1987). Laboratory results on rock failures have also advanced the understanding of faulting mechanisms (e.g., Ohnaka et al, 1987;Tse and Rice, 1986). Various attempts have been made to simulate, theoretically and empirically, the propagation of short-period seismic waves in the heterogeneous real earth (e.g., Chapman, 1985;Kawase and Aki, 1990;Sato, 1990;Spudich and Frazer, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Description of the Complex Faulting Process and Some Empirical Relations in Seismology.

Koyama

1994

J,Phys,Earth

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A theory of the complex faulting process of large earthquakes has been developed. The faulting process is characterized by a deterministic source of coherent rupture on a fault plane as well as by a stochastic source of incoherent ruptures in fault heterogeneous areas. The theory provides an earthquake source spectrum of the complex faulting process in a general manner: Theoretical representations of strong-motion acceleration, total power of acceleration, seismic energy, seismic-wave energy, surface-wave magnitude and body-wave magnitude are derived in terms of deterministic and stochastic source parameters. A low-frequency approximation of the source spectrum provides the description of the deterministic source by parameters of seismic moment, fault length, fault width, fault dislocation, stress drop, dislocation velocity, and rupture propagation velocity. Meanwhile, a high-frequency approximation provides the description of the stochastic source by patch corner frequency, cutoff frequency, variance of stress drop, and variance of dislocation velocity.The present theory of the complex faulting process is constrained empirically against observations. It is shown that empirical relations between seismic moment, fault dimension, seismic energy, and earthquake magnitude are the manifestation of similarity rules among source parameters of the complex faulting process: The geometrical similarity is for the fault shape, the kinematical similarity is for the dislocation and rupture velocities, the dynamical similarity is for the average stress drop, and a new similarity rule, stochastic similarity is derived for the stochastic source parameters. The complex faulting process thus far constrained fully explains the general properties of large earthquakes along subduction zones.

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Constitutive relations between dynamic physical parameters near a tip of the propagating slip zone during stick-slip shear failure

Cited by 166 publications

References 23 publications

Constitutive parameters for earthquake rupture dynamics based on high-velocity friction tests with variable sliprate

Constitutive parameters for earthquake rupture dynamics based on high-velocity friction tests with variable sliprate

Stick–slip behavior of Indian gabbro as studied using a NIED large-scale biaxial friction apparatus

General Description of the Complex Faulting Process and Some Empirical Relations in Seismology.

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