Constitutive TSH receptor activation as a hallmark of thyroid autonomy

Führer, Dagmar

doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02270-z

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, TSHR expression has also been demonstrated in other tissues, such as the hypothalamus, cerebellum, amygdala, cortex, cingulate gyrus, frontal, occipital and temporal lobes, periorbital tissue, epidermis, hair follicles, kidneys, ovaries, testicles, adrenals, bone marrow hematopoietic cells, thymocytes, and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), among others [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Major Thyroid Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

et al. 2023

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Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) refers to a spectrum of various diseases, with two extremes of clinical presentation, hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and hyperthyroidism (Graves–Basedow disease (GBD)). Both conditions are characterized by presenting a cellular and humoral autoimmune reaction, with an increase in the synthesis and secretion of antibodies directed toward various thyroid antigens, together with a phenomenon of thyrocyte necrosis and apoptosis (in HT) and a persistent thyrotropin-receptor stimulation (in GBD). The diagnosis of both entities is based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. Three major anti-thyroid antibodies have been described, those directed against the TSH receptor (TRAb), against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), and against thyroglobulin (TgAb). Each of these autoantibodies plays a fundamental role in the diagnostic approach of autoimmune thyroid disease. TRAbs are the hallmark of GBD, and additionally, they are predictors of response to disease treatment, among other utilities. Likewise, TPOAb and TgAb allow for identifying individuals with a higher risk of progression to hypothyroidism; the positivity of one or both autoantibodies defines the presence of thyroid autoimmunity. In this review, the usefulness of anti-thyroid antibodies in the diagnostic approach to autoimmune thyroid disease is described.

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Section: Major Thyroid Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

et al. 2023

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“…Early diagnosis of this disease is essential to obtain the optimal result of treatment of this pathology because a long-term hyperthyroid state leads to irreversible changes in the structure and functioning of many vital organs and systems: cardiovascular, nervous, and others [4,5].…”

Section: Connection Of the Publication With Planned Research Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Для отримання оптимального результату лікування даної патології важлива рання діагностика даного захворювання, адже тривалий гіпертиреоїдний стан призводить до безповоротних змін в структурі та функціонуванні багатьох життєво важливих органах та системах: серцево-судинній, нервовій, та інших [4,5].…”

Section: вступunclassified

Parameters of Intrathyroid Hemodynamics in Patients With Nodular Toxic Goiter

Zavgorodniy,

Gatia,

Kubrak

et al. 2023

VPBM

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The leading place in the structure of thyrotoxicosis in the world and Ukraine is occupied by toxic nodular goiter (TNG).The study aims to analyse intrathyroid hemodynamics results in the modes of color and energy Doppler mapping and pulse Doppler in patients with nodular toxic goiter.The study included 35 (100%) patients with nodular toxic goiter who were examined and subsequently operated on at the surgical department of the "VIZUS" Medical Center. All patients underwent ultrasound diagnostics to determine vascularization and intrathyroidal hemodynamics by means of Doppler mapping and pulsed dopplerometry.In patients with TNG, perinodular and mixed types of vascularization according to the scale of Rago T. prevailed (32 (91.4%) patients) and normal or small increase in the intensity of blood flow in the parenchyma of the thyroid gland (15 (75.0%) patients). In 29 (82.9%) examined, an increase in the peak systolic blood flow velocity in the upper thyroid artery (34.2 (19.4; 41.2) cm/s) was noted, in 24 (68.6%) an increase in the maximum diastolic blood flow velocity (16.2 (9.8; 20.8) cm/s), the maximum volumetric blood flow velocity was increased in 27 (77.1%) patients (1.4 (0.8; 1.6) ml/s), the resistance index -in 11 (31.4%) examined up to 0.9 (0.6; 1.1).In patients with TNG, according to the results of Doppler examination, perinodular and mixed types of vascularization with normal or slightly increased blood flow in the parenchyma of the thyroid gland were found in most cases. At the same time, in patients with a nodular lesion of one lobe of the thyroid gland, no significant difference was found in the intensity of intrathyroidal blood flow and quantitative parameters of blood flow in the affected and contralateral (healthy) lobes.

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“…Activating mutations of the TSH-R have been implicated in thyroid autonomy and hyperthyroidism ( 64 , 65 ), these are usually located in exons 9 and 10 that encode the transmembrane domain ( 8 ). Inherited germline mutations are implicated in Familial Non-Autoimmune Autosomal Dominant Hyperthyroidism (OMIM 609152) ( 66 ), a rare, autosomal dominant, disease that courses with hyperthyroidism of varying severity and age of onset, and goiter.…”

Section: Tsh Receptor In Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mysterious Universe of the TSH Receptor

2022

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The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) is predominantly expressed in the basolateral membrane of thyrocytes, where it stimulates almost every aspect of their metabolism. Several extrathyroidal locations of the receptor have been found including: the pituitary, the hypothalamus, and other areas of the central nervous system; the periorbital tissue; the skin; the kidney; the adrenal; the liver; the immune system cells; blood cells and vascular tissues; the adipose tissue; the cardiac and skeletal muscles, and the bone. Although the functionality of the receptor has been demonstrated in most of these tissues, its physiological importance is still a matter of debate. A contribution to several pathological processes is evident in some cases, as is the case of Grave’s disease in its multiple presentations. Conversely, in the context of other thyroid abnormalities, the contribution of the TSH-R and its ligand is still a matter of debate. This article reviews the several different sites of expression of the TSH-R and its potential role in both physiological and pathological processes.

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Constitutive TSH receptor activation as a hallmark of thyroid autonomy

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Parameters of Intrathyroid Hemodynamics in Patients With Nodular Toxic Goiter

The Mysterious Universe of the TSH Receptor

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