Constraints Affecting the Welfare of Domestic Sheep Grazing in the Natural Pasture

Elkhateeb, S Z; Ebraheem, M O; Abdulateef, S M; Ahmed, I A

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012144

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This increase agrees with previous results of testing various substances on onion root tips 24,25 . These results are in agreement with other research which tested the effect of Aflatoxin B1 on reactive oxygen species-dependent caspase-mediated apoptosis in normal human cells, and on inhibition of Allium cepa root cell division 26 , and another research tested the toxic activity of citrinin, a fungal phytotoxin, and its mode of action in onion cells 27 . The mycotoxin T2 induces the distortion and inhibition of mitotic spindle formation which causes the C-mitotic cells and stickiness in metaphase and anaphase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cytogenotoxic effect of trichothecene T2 toxin on Allium sativum root tip meristematic cells

Jalal Hussein,

Saadullah

2024

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Trichothecene T2 is a mycotoxin from the Fusarium species. This research aims to test the effect of the Trichothecene T2 toxin on mitotic index% (M.I.%) and induction of mitotic aberrations by using the Allium sativum (garlic) test system. The toxin concentrations in ppm were 0.00, 0.30, 0.60, 0.90, and 1.20 for 12 hours. The garlic roots were then cut, and mitotic slides were prepared using squash and examined under a light microscope. The results revealed that the mycotoxin has a significant mitodepressive effect at all concentrations compared to the control, and the MI% reduction was proportional to increasing toxin concentration. The highest reduction in mitotic index was observed in the 1.2 ppm treatment. Moreover, this mycotoxin induced and increased the rate of mitotic abnormalities% (MA%) with increasing the mycotoxin concentration. The observed mitotic abnormalities were star-shaped anaphase, sticky metaphase, C-mitosis, sticky anaphase, depolarization, micronuclei, laggard chromosomes, anaphase bridges, and chromosome loss. The least frequently observed abnormality was micronuclei compared to the most frequent aberration, laggard chromosomes. The total mitotic abnormalities significantly increased with increasing the toxin dose concentration. These results suggest that this mycotoxin can inhibit the mitotic activity of the meristematic cells; it is mutagenic and can disrupt the spindle fibers' activity of the dividing cells at all concentrations, especially at higher doses in food. Therefore, the foods must be tested for fungi producing this mycotoxin. Keywords: Mycotoxin; mitodepressive; root tip; spindle fibers; mutagenic

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cytogenotoxic effect of trichothecene T2 toxin on Allium sativum root tip meristematic cells

Jalal Hussein,

Saadullah

2024

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“…The results showed in Table (7) a significant difference in irrigation scheduling, where the I2 treatment was significantly superior in Grain yield compared to the I4 treatment, with an increased ratio of 66.27%, Which did not differ significantly from the I1 treatment. The taTablendicated results showed a significant effect between the experimental treatments when potassium fertilizer levels were added, as the K2 treatment was significantly superior to the K1 treatment with an increase of 45.54%.…”

Section: Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 92%

Role of Irrigation Scheduling and Potassium Levels on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Anbar 33 cultivar

Al-Mashhadani,

Hassan,

Al_Budeiri

et al. 2023

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A field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Research Office fields / Al Diwaniyah Research Station in 2019 to study the role of irrigation scheduling and potassium levels in the Growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Anbar 33 cultivar. A Factorial experiment Design in order of split plot with three replicates was used, the main plots occupied with irrigation factor (I) with four levels I1, I2, I3 and I4 representing irrigation every (1,2,3 and 4 days respectively), while the subplots occupied with potassium fertilizer factor (K) with four levels K1, K2, K3 and K4 representing (0, 60, 120 and 180 Kg k ha-1 respectively). The Results indicated that the Irrigation scheduling affected Growth and yield traits where I2 treatment was significantly superior in plant height, panicle length, panicle number, the weight of 1000 grains, grain yield and biological yield, which gave 97.3cm, 23.42cm, 100.8m2, 17.77gm, 2.86Meg ha-1 and 10.00 Meg ha-1 respectively, which did not different significantly of I1 treatment on plant height, panicle length, panicles number, grain yield and biological yield. The addition of potassium fertilizer significantly affected the studied traits, as K2 was significantly superior on panicle number, grain number/panicle, grain yield and biological yield, which gave 101.9m2, 60.58, 2.94 Mgh-1 and 9.69 Mgh-1, respectively, which did not different significantly than K4 treatment on panicles number, grain number/panicle and grain yield. The interaction indicated that there were significant differences among treatments, as I2K2 was significantly superior on panicle number, grain number/panicle, grain yield and biological yield, which gave 160.0m2, 55.00, 4.20Meg ha-1 and 13.63Meg ha-1, respectively. Keywords. Potassium fertilizer; Irrigation role; Drought tolerance Rice.

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“…The weed was cut at ground level, placed in perforated bags, and then in the oven at 60 degrees Celsius until the weight was stable 16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Some Chemical Herbicides on the Weeds Accompanying the Field's Peanut Crop

Al-Yasari,

Al-Yasari

2023

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A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2021 in a selected field of preparative Ibn Al-Bitar occupational/ Al-Hussainiya region in Holy Karbala. The experiment involved cultivating peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.), specifically a local variety, in soil characterized by a clay loam texture. The experiment aimed to determine the most effective chemical herbicides for controlling weed growth in conjunction with the Peanut crop. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The study encompassed six conditions: weedy and weed-free, which were under manual control for the entire duration of the growing season. Furthermore, there were treatments that involved the administration of chemical herbicides before planting, specifically Trifluralin and Pendimethalin, which were applied ten days before the planting phase. Additionally, post-planting herbicides, namely Oxyfluorfen and Clethodim, were sprayed during the vegetative growth phase of the plant as well as at the initiation of the flowering stage. The herbicides were administered according to the prescribed dosages. The findings demonstrated significant differences in the management procedure utilizing chemical herbicides throughout a 30-day period of applying said herbicides. This discrepancy became apparent when evaluating the two herbicides, specifically Oxyfluorfen and Pendimethalin, which produced the lowest quantity of broad-leaf weeds, with a recorded density of 4.6 and 7.6 plants m-2, respectively. Additionally, the results demonstrated that notable disparities were observed after 60 days from the application of herbicides. Specifically, the herbicides Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen exhibited the lowest density of broad-leaf weeds, with a count of 4.6 and 6.0 m-2 plants, respectively. Moreover, the impact of herbicides on narrow-leaf weed was examined at 30 and 60 days post-spraying. There was no significant difference in the means of the herbicides, and the herbicides Oxyfluorfen and Pendimethalin yielded the least density of broad leaf weeds after 90 days of herbicide application, with quantities of 6.0 and 6.3 plant m-2, respectively. Similarly, concerning narrow-leaf weed density on the same date, the herbicides Trifluralin, Clethodim,, and Ox-yfluorfen exhibited superiority in achieving the lowest density of narrow-leaf weeds, with quantities of 5.0, 5.3, and 5.6 plant m-2, respectively. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed among these herbicides. The findings demonstrate the superiority of the herbicides Oxyfluorfen and Pendimethalin in achieving the highest percentage of control for broad-leaf weeds after 30, 60, and 90 days of herbicide application. Regarding the specific dates for the narrow-leaf weeds, the herbicides Oxyfluorfen, Clethodim, and Trifluralin exhibited superiority in providing optimal control. In contrast to alternative treatments involving herbicides, the herbicide Oxyfluorfen showcased the most diminished mean mass and the utmost level of hindrance on both extensive and limited-leafed weeds. Keywords: Herbicides; Oxyfluorfen; Pendimethalin; Clethodim; Trifluralin; Weeds; Narrow leaf; Broad leaf.

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Constraints Affecting the Welfare of Domestic Sheep Grazing in the Natural Pasture

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

Cytogenotoxic effect of trichothecene T2 toxin on Allium sativum root tip meristematic cells

Cytogenotoxic effect of trichothecene T2 toxin on Allium sativum root tip meristematic cells

Role of Irrigation Scheduling and Potassium Levels on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Anbar 33 cultivar

Effect of Some Chemical Herbicides on the Weeds Accompanying the Field's Peanut Crop

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