Constraints of Application of Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Mediterranean Partner Countries

Kampa, Eleftheria; Choukr‐Allah, Redouane; Ahmed, Mohamed Tawfic; Fürhacker, Maria

doi:10.1007/698_2010_62

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Political and regulatory norms affecting farmers can influence decisions around the adoption of MQW in several ways. These might include crop restrictions that have significant financial implications (Kampa et al, 2011), or instruments such as tax havens, waivers on duties, subsidies or green tariffs that support the use of alternative water sources (Di Mario, Rao & Drechsel, 2018).…”

Section: Regulatory Institutional and Policy Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality in agriculture: Risks and risk mitigation

2023

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Water scarcity is one of the leading challenges for sustainable development as water is essential not only for humanity, but also foragricultural production, food security, and is the lifeblood of our ecosystems. Yet, our freshwater resources are dwindling at an alarming rate, accelerated by population growth and climate change.An often-overlooked factor contributing to water scarcity is water quality deterioration, especially in many low-and middle-income countries where water treatment and other pollution control measures are not keeping pace with population growth and urbanization. This is resulting in about 30 million hectares of agricultural land, home to over 800 million residents, irrigated with unsafe water. Salinity is the other major factor affecting water quality. It is affecting globally 20% of the cultivated land area, and an estimated 33% of irrigated land.Farmers facing related water quality challenges need guidance to understand the risks and options on how to address them, especially where conventional wastewater treatment is not yet available. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has been at the forefront of providing this support with its benchmark publication "Water Quality for Agriculture" (1976) and "Wastewater Treatment and Use in Agriculture" (1992). However, over the last 30 years, water quality challenges have significantly grown, resulting in a plethora of new research and information related to water pollution, risk assessments and risk mitigation, as well as various sets of new water reuse guidelines."Water Quality in Agriculture: Risks and Risk Mitigation" is providing the latest information on the water quality requirements of crop, livestock and fish farming, the assessment of water quality, and options to address any related challenges. It also provides guidance on good practices to avoid negative downstream impacts of agriculture on water quality.Through partnership between FAO and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), and supported by leading experts from around the globe, we are happy to present this new publication for use by farm and project managers, consultants, engineers, and the academic community to evaluate water quality data and identify applied solutions for a water-secure future.

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Section: Regulatory Institutional and Policy Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%