Constraints on Freedom

Miller, David

doi:10.1086/292510

Cited by 173 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…The current theory is that longer wavelengths than previously realised are involved in photochemical decay, and work is in progress to test this theory. The theory is supported by Miller's observation that visible wavelengths contribute to the degradation of wood (6) .…”

Section: Transmission Of Ultraviolet Light By Paint Filmsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Studies on the effect of titanium dioxide on durability — Part 2

Cutrone

Moulton

Simpson

1989

Pigment &Amp; Resin Technology

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It must be remembered that the exercise described in part 1 was carried out in a carbon arc weathering machine to provide a stable environment. Referring to Fig 7, which shows the absorption spectra of the resins used in this section, it can be seen that the acrylic resin only absorbs to any great extent in the UVB region, and if reference is made to Fig 3, where the spectra of carbon arc radiation and UK summer sunlight are compared, it is seen that the carbon arc is deficient in this area. The protective aspect of titanium dioxide will thus not operate in this weathering environment. If the same exercise was repeated in natural sunlight, then the pigmented paints would show an even greater protective tendency, since all resins absorb to a greater extent as wavelength decreases, but the extent of photocatalysis remains constant. In Fig 7, the two alkyd/MF systems have been represented by a single line because of their chemical similarity.

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Section: Transmission Of Ultraviolet Light By Paint Filmsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Studies on the effect of titanium dioxide on durability — Part 2

Cutrone

Moulton

Simpson

1989

Pigment &Amp; Resin Technology

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“…Compare this with liberal, negative views of freedom, according to which freedom is the absence of actual interpersonal constraints (Berlin 1969;Carter 1999;Kramer 2003;Kristjánsson 1996;Miller 1983;Schmidt 2016;Shnayderman 2012Shnayderman , 2013Steiner 1974). Compare this with liberal, negative views of freedom, according to which freedom is the absence of actual interpersonal constraints (Berlin 1969;Carter 1999;Kramer 2003;Kristjánsson 1996;Miller 1983;Schmidt 2016;Shnayderman 2012Shnayderman , 2013Steiner 1974).…”

Section: The Objection From Alien Controlmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Power to Nudge

Schmidt

2017

Am Polit Sci Rev

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N udging policies rely on behavioral science to improve people's decisions through small changes in the environments within which people make choices. This article first seeks to rebut a prominent objection to this approach: furnishing governments with the power to nudge leads to relations of alien control, that is, relations in which some people can impose their will on others-a concern which resonates with republican, Kantian, and Rousseauvian theories of freedom and relational theories of autonomy. I respond that alien control can be avoided, if nudging is suitably transparent and democratically controlled. Moreover, such transparency and democratic control are institutionally feasible. Building on this response, I then provide a novel and surprising argument for more nudging: democratically controlled public policy nudging can often contain the power of private companies to nudge in uncontrolled and opaque ways. Therefore, reducing alien control often requires more rather than less nudging in public policy.

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“…This last view has been taken by a number of marketorientated libertarians, including, most famously, Friedrich von Hayek, according to whom freedom is the absence of coercion, where to be coerced is to be subject to the arbitrary will of another. 13 Critics of libertarianism, on the other hand, typically endorse a wider conception of 'constraints on freedom' that includes not only intentionally imposed obstacles but also unintended obstacles for which someone may nevertheless be held responsible, 14 or indeed obstacles of any kind whatsoever. 15 Thus, socialists have tended to claim that the poor in a capitalist society are unfree, or are 'less free', than the rich, in contrast to libertarians, who have tended to claim that the poor in a capitalist society are no less free than the rich.…”

Section: Constraints On Freedommentioning

confidence: 99%

Liberty

Carter¹

2018

Political Concepts

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Constraints on Freedom

Cited by 173 publications

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Studies on the effect of titanium dioxide on durability — Part 2

Studies on the effect of titanium dioxide on durability — Part 2

The Power to Nudge

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