Constraints to On-Farm Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seed Production in  Western Kenya: Plant Growth and Yield

Wambugu, P. W.; Mathenge, PW; Auma, E.O.; vanRheenen, H. A.

doi:10.5402/2012/153412

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Next to Fusarium spp., the other Analysis of soil pH was conducted according to Otinga et al (2013). Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were determined following the protocol of Okalebo et al (2002), while extractable soil phosphorus was determined according to Olsen et al (1954) a Kihoro et al 2013 b Atieli et al 2009 c Wambugu et al 2012d Ohaga et al 2007 common taxa in the irrigated ecosystems were Curvularia and Talaromyces (Supplementary Table 1). …”

Section: Rice Endophytic Fungi From Irrigated and Upland Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fungal endophytes associated with rice roots from irrigated and upland ecosystems in Kenya

et al. 2015

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Background and aim Fungal endophytes are commonly associated with plants, and are considered an important component of crop production. They can influence plant growth and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to analyse and identify endophytic fungi associated with rice roots in irrigated and upland ecosystems in Kenya, as an inventory for a future search for biological control and growth promoting agents. Methods Fungi were isolated from the roots and selected based on culture characteristics. All selected isolates were sequenced using primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, intergenic spacer (IGS) region and the gene encoding the translation elongation factor (TEF-1α). The species were determined by comparing their sequences with those of well characterised or type strains. Phylogenetic relationships among the species were used to identify their taxonomic groups, and distribution in the agroecosystems, especially for the Fusarium spp. Results Based on sequencing of the ITS region, 75 fungal isolates were identified as Fusarium-like, while the remaining 98 isolates were found to belong to different species representing other genera than Fusarium. A further analysis of the Fusarium spp., using concatenated IGS and TEF-1α sequences showed that these isolates belong to the Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC) and Gibberella fujikuroi (GFSC) species complexes. Within the FOSC isolates, a clear divergence was observed between isolates from irrigated and upland ecosystems, while in the GFSC this phenomenon was not observed. When the total number of species was considered, 27 species were identified in the irrigated ecosystems, while only 18 species were found in the upland ecosystems. Conclusions More fungal species were found in the irrigated ecosystems than in the upland ecosystems. We propose that flooding may affect the assembly of endophytic fungi in rice roots, however, other factors such as rice cultivars, geographical locations and soil types could also be important.

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Section: Rice Endophytic Fungi From Irrigated and Upland Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fungal endophytes associated with rice roots from irrigated and upland ecosystems in Kenya

et al. 2015

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“…These resultant landraces may be low yielding but are able to cope up with many biotic and abiotic stresses due to their heterogeneity and are therefore likely to lead to yield stability. Studies have shown that farmers prefer yield stability to maximum obtainable yields in line with their strategy of risk avoidance (Almekinders and Louwaars 1999 ; Wambugu et al 2012 ). This observation is confirmed by reports that farmers in some parts of West Africa such as the Banfora area in Burkina Faso are abandoning improved rice varieties in favour of the low yielding but highly adaptable Oryza glaberrima varieties (Futakuchi et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and utilization of African Oryza genetic resources

Wambugu

Furtado

Waters

et al. 2013

Rice

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Africa contains a huge diversity of both cultivated and wild rice species. The region has eight species representing six of the ten known genome types. Genetic resources of these species are conserved in various global germplasm repositories but they remain under collected and hence underrepresented in germplasm collections. Moreover, they are under characterized and therefore grossly underutilized. The lack of in situ conservation programs further exposes them to possible genetic erosion or extinction. In order to obtain maximum benefits from these resources, it is imperative that they are collected, efficiently conserved and optimally utilized. High throughput molecular approaches such as genome sequencing could be employed to more precisely study their genetic diversity and value and thereby enhance their use in rice improvement. Oryza sativa was the first crop plant to have its reference genome sequence released marking a major milestone that opened numerous opportunities for functional characterization of the entire rice genome. Studies have however demonstrated that one reference genome sequence is not enough to fully explore the genetic variation in the Oryza genus, hence the need to have reference sequences for other species in the genus. An overview of the state of conservation and utilization of African Oryza is hereby presented. Progress in the release of reference genome sequences for these species is also highlighted.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1939-8433-6-29) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Although maize yield was low than reported elsewhere in SSA, it was within the range (0.6 to 5.0 Mg ha -1 ) reported in western Kenya (Wambugu, Mathenge, Auma, & VanRheenen, 2012). The observed lower yields of maize with increasing soybean population can be attributed to a reduction in maize plant population as in most cases no significant differences were detected between D1 and SM, treatments which had the same maize plant population.…”

Section: Soybean and Maize Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 38%

Intermediate Maturing Soybean Produce Multiple Benefits at 1:2 Maize:Soybean Planting Density

Simbine¹,

Baijukya²,

Onwonga³

2018

JAS

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A study was conducted to identify the most suitable intercropping arrangement in smallholder farms in Western Kenya. Biomass and N (nitrogen)-accumulation, N2 fixation and grain yield of maize and soybeans grown as intercrops at three planting densities were assessed. The study was conducted in four seasons. Three soybean varieties, Namsoy 4m, SC Squire and TGx1987-18F, were used in the experiment. Maize: soybean planting densities 1:1 (D1), 1:2 (D2), 1:3 (D3) as well as sole soybean (SS) and sole maize (SM) were tested. Higher biomass, N-accumulation, and N-fixed in the order 3.8 Mg ha-1, 260 kg ha-1 and 161 kg ha-1 respectively, were recorded in D3 with long maturing variety TGx1987-18F. Conversely, higher soybean grain yield < 2.4 Mg ha-1 was achieved by intermediate maturing SC Squire in D3. The highest maize yield in the intercrop was obtained in D1. N balance calculations indicated that planting TGx1987-18F resulted in an addition of 6 to 67 kg N ha-1, while SC Squire and Namsoy 4 m removed 3 to 89 kg N ha-1 when soybean grain was removed from the field. The differences in N balances between the intercrops depended on the N-fixed and the amount of N in harvested soybean and maize grain. Greater land equivalent ratio < 1.75 were obtained with SC Squire and Namsoy 4m in D2. We concluded that intermediate maturing soybean have multiple benefits for farmers in Western Kenya at 1:2 maize: soybean planting density provided that the practice is accompanied with good soil and crop management practices.

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Constraints to On-Farm Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Production in Western Kenya: Plant Growth and Yield

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of fungal endophytes associated with rice roots from irrigated and upland ecosystems in Kenya

Analysis of fungal endophytes associated with rice roots from irrigated and upland ecosystems in Kenya

Conservation and utilization of African Oryza genetic resources

Intermediate Maturing Soybean Produce Multiple Benefits at 1:2 Maize:Soybean Planting Density

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