Constricción neógena en la Cordillera de la Costa, norte de Chile: neotectónica y datación de superficies con 21Ne cosmogónico

Carrizo, D.; González, Gabriel; Dunai, Tibor J.

doi:10.4067/s0716-02082008000100001

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Compilations of fault kinematic data from the Mejillones Peninsula and the Salar del Carmen segment of the AFS (Figure 2) show fault plane solutions consistent with normal faulting due to east‐west extension [ Delouis et al , 1998; González et al , 2003]. Dextral slip indicators on northwest striking faults in the Salar Grande region (21°S [ González et al , 2003; Carrizo et al , 2008]) and the Barazarte fault southeast of Antofagasta [ Delouis et al , 1998] are kinematically consistent with regional east‐west extension. The activity level and slip recurrence interval of faults are poorly constrained, primarily due to the lack of dateable organic material within faulted sediments.…”

Section: Tectonic and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activity level and slip recurrence interval of faults are poorly constrained, primarily due to the lack of dateable organic material within faulted sediments. González et al [2006] present cosmogenic dating of alluvial fan surfaces that constrains motion on the Salar del Carmen segment of the AFS to be younger than 424 ± 151 ka, while Carrizo et al [2008] suggest post‐300 ka faulting in the Salar Grande region on the basis of an offset tuff. Scarp morphology dating suggests scarp ages ranging between 16 and 400 ka; the large range reflects uncertainty, stemming from the hyperarid climate, in the diffusion constant used in the dating [ González and Carrizo , 2003].…”

Section: Tectonic and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After many normal and reverse faulting events, a ridge‐trench‐ridge morphology would develop, with the upslope portion of the original normal fault scarp forming a ridge, separated from a smaller hanging wall ridge caused by reverse faulting‐related warping by an intervening trench. Such a morphology is observed north of the Antofagasta region near Salar Grande [ Carrizo et al , 2008] and may indicate the future form of Antofagasta area faults.…”

Section: New Structural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal and reverse faulting driven by the subduction zone earthquake cycle in the northern Chilean fore arc

et al. 2010

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Despite its location in a convergent tectonic setting, the Coastal Cordillera of northern Chile between 21°S and 25°S is dominated by structures demonstrating extension in the direction of plate convergence. In some locations, however, normal faults have been reactivated as reverse faults, complicating the interpretation of long‐term strain. In order to place these new observations in a tectonic context, we model stress changes induced on these faults by the subduction earthquake cycle. Our simulations predict that interseismic locking on the plate boundary encourages normal slip on fore‐arc faults, which may result from elastic rebound due to interplate earthquakes or from seismic or aseismic motion that takes place within the interseismic period. Conversely, stress generated by strong subduction zone earthquakes, such as the 1995 Mw = 8.1 Antofagasta event, provides a mechanism for the reverse reactivation we document here. Upper plate fault slip in response to the low‐magnitude stress changes induced by the subduction earthquake cycle suggests that the absolute level of stress on these faults is very low. Furthermore, seismic hazard analysis for northern Chile requires consideration of not only the plate boundary earthquake cycle but also the cycle on fore‐arc faults that may or may not coincide with the interplate pattern. Though the relationships between permanent strain and deformation calculated using elastic models remain unclear, the compatibility of modeled stress fields with the distribution of fore‐arc faulting suggests that interseismic strain accumulation and coseismic deformation on the subduction megathrust both play significant roles in shaping structural behavior in the upper plate.

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Section: Tectonic and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tectonic and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Structural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal and reverse faulting driven by the subduction zone earthquake cycle in the northern Chilean fore arc

et al. 2010

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“…En la zona del Salar Grande estas fallas son del tipo dextral-inverso con actividad durante el Mioceno y Plioceno (Carrizo et al, 2008a). La mayoría de los escarpes de estas fallas tienen una pendiente hacia el este y constituyen frentes de montañas, algunos de ellos invertidos (Carrizo et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Marco Geológicounclassified

“…Dunai et al (2005) determinaron una edad oligocena-miocena para paleosuperficies en la Cordillera de la Costa en el extremo norte del área de estudio. Las bajas tasas de erosión presentes en la Cordillera de la Costa, inferiores a 0,02 mm/a (Riquelme et al, 2008), permiten una extraordinaria preservación de este paleorrelieve de edad premiocena de la Cordillera de la Costa, así como de los escarpes de las fallas que afectaron a este paleorrelieve con posterioridad sean del SFA, fallas inversas de rumbo E-O y fallas de rumbo NNO-SSE (Allmendinger et al, 2005;Carrizo et al, 2008a). Los escarpes de las fallas más importantes que contribuyen a la topografía de la Cordillera de la Costa, son aquellos de la Falla Paposo del SFA (Figs.…”

Section: Balance De La Tectónica Y El Climaunclassified

Efectos de la tectónica y el clima en la configuración morfológica del relieve costero del norte de Chile

Quezada

Cerdá

Jensen

2010

AndGeo

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RESUMEN.En este trabajo se analiza el relieve de la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera de la Costa del norte de Chile, la cual está caracterizada por la ocurrencia del gran Acantilado Costero. El objetivo central de este estudio es establecer los controles tectónico-climáticos en la configuración del relieve del borde costero del norte de Chile. La metodología utilizada consiste básicamente en un estudio detallado del relieve mediante índices geomorfológicos cuantitativos tales como grado de incisión, curvas e integrales hipsométricas, perfiles de thalweg e índice de sinuosidad. Estos índices se aplicaron a modelos de elevación digitales e imágenes satelitales. Los resultados más relevantes muestran que el relieve de la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera de la Costa exhibe creciente incremento de la intensidad de la erosión al aumentar la latitud. Este incremento no es uniforme; procesos relacionados con la tectónica como subsidencia/alzamiento litoral y actividad de fallas, y por otra parte la erosión de la paleotopografía de la Cordillera de la Costa debido a los procesos ligados a la construcción del Acantilado Costero y el aumento de la precipitación, afectan la morfología del relieve del borde costero del norte de Chile. La existencia y excelente preservación del Acantilado Costero resulta de un marcado desequilibrio entre las tasas de alzamiento y las tasas de erosión, cuya diferencia es de una a dos órdenes de magnitud, controlada por el marco climático de hiperaridez extrema del Desierto de Atacama que se ha mantenido por lo menos desde los últimos 2 Ma. Las variaciones en la intensidad de la erosión desde el norte hacia el sur se interpretan como resultado del incremento en la tasa de precipitación en un orden de magnitud en esa misma dirección. ABSTRACT. Tectonic and climatic effects in the morphologic configuration of the coastal relief of northern Chile.This work analyzes the morphological features of the western margin of the northern Chile Coastal Cordillera, characterized by the presence of a major Coastal Cliff. The main purpose of this research is to better understand the tectonic and climatic controls on the topography. The methodology used consists basically of a detailed study of the topography with quantitative geomorphic indexes such as incision grade, hypsometric curves and integrals, thalweg profiles and sinuosity index. These are applied to digital elevation models and satellite images. The main results show that the topography of the western margin of the Coastal Cordillera, exhibits an increasing intensity of the erosion with latitude. This increment is non uniform. The tectonic processes that produced coastal subsidence/uplift and fault activity, and the erosion of the paleotopography of Coastal Cordillera due to processes related with the construction of the Coastal Cliff and increasing rainfall, modify the morphology of the coastal border of northern Chile. The existence and conservation of the Coastal Cliff results from the existance of non-equilibrium between the uplift and...

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⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of calcium sulfate in ancient soils of hyperarid settings as a paleoaltitude proxy: Pliocene to Quaternary constraints for northern Chile (19.5–21.7°S)

Cosentino

Jordan

2017

Tectonics

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Several lines of geomorphic and geophysical reasoning suggest that the western fore arc of northern Chile has undergone kilometer‐scale surface uplift relative to sea level during the late Neogene. We have developed a new paleoaltimeter based on the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of ancient gypsic soils in the hyperarid Atacama Desert and used it to investigate the uplift history of the Andean fore‐arc coastal mountain range (Coastal Cordillera) and of the Andean fore‐arc nonmarine basin surface (Central Depression). Sampled sites span ~330 km strike‐parallel distance and elevations between 450 and 1850 m above sea level (asl). A minority of the sites place firm constraints on minimum or maximum vertical movements in an absolute framework. For the majority of locations, the data determine a maximum permissible magnitude of uplift. In all cases the magnitudes of paleo‐elevation changes are small compared to the elevation of the study area relative to sea level. We conclude that more than 45% of the ~1000 m asl average elevation of the Central Depression main axis and that more than 70% of the ~900 m asl average elevation of the westernmost Coastal Cordillera in the study area were achieved by preearly Pliocene regional‐scale tectonic processes. These results refute the hypothesis of kilometer‐scale surface uplift of the western nonmarine Andean fore arc during the late Neogene.

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Constricción neógena en la Cordillera de la Costa, norte de Chile: neotectónica y datación de superficies con 21Ne cosmogónico

Cited by 32 publications

References 67 publications

Normal and reverse faulting driven by the subduction zone earthquake cycle in the northern Chilean fore arc

Normal and reverse faulting driven by the subduction zone earthquake cycle in the northern Chilean fore arc

Efectos de la tectónica y el clima en la configuración morfológica del relieve costero del norte de Chile

⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of calcium sulfate in ancient soils of hyperarid settings as a paleoaltitude proxy: Pliocene to Quaternary constraints for northern Chile (19.5–21.7°S)

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Constricción neógena en la Cordillera de la Costa, norte de Chile: neotectónica y datación de superficies con 21Ne cosmogónico

Cited by 32 publications

References 67 publications

Normal and reverse faulting driven by the subduction zone earthquake cycle in the northern Chilean fore arc

Normal and reverse faulting driven by the subduction zone earthquake cycle in the northern Chilean fore arc

Efectos de la tectónica y el clima en la configuración morfológica del relieve costero del norte de Chile

87Sr/86Sr of calcium sulfate in ancient soils of hyperarid settings as a paleoaltitude proxy: Pliocene to Quaternary constraints for northern Chile (19.5–21.7°S)

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⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of calcium sulfate in ancient soils of hyperarid settings as a paleoaltitude proxy: Pliocene to Quaternary constraints for northern Chile (19.5–21.7°S)