Construct validation of measures of depression, anxiety, and functionality in Northern Haiti

Galvin, Michael; Scheunemann, Ann; Michel, Guesly; Pierre, Edny; Manguira, Eurine

doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100106

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Additionally, as relatively little existing research has examined the ailments described in this research, this study seeks to further elucidate CCDs in Haiti, and contribute to the English-language scientific literature regarding the relationship between culture and mental distress in the Haitian context. In doing so, this research can also contribute to the burgeoning field of developing locally derived, culturally valid tools for identifying individuals with mental disorders in low-resource and high burden settings such as Haiti (Galvin, Scheunemann, et al, 2022; Kaiser et al, 2013; Legha et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maladi Nanm, Maladi Zonbi, & Maladi Lalin: A qualitative study of cultural concepts of distress in northern Haiti

Galvin,

Michel,

Pierre

et al. 2023

Transcult Psychiatry

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Cultural Concepts of Distress (CCDs) are culturally constructed diagnostic categories that exist within a specific society or culture. While several studies have assessed CCDs around the world, few studies have examined them in Haiti. This qualitative study examines manifestations of anxiety and depression via “sent spirits” in the form of maladi nanm (“Soul disorder”) and maladi zonbi (“Zombie disorder”), and bipolar disorder in the form of maladi lalin (“Moon disorder”). Examples of CCDs were recorded as part of a study which interviewed 96 outpatients at the first mental health center in northern Haiti. Using qualitative methods, the authors identified three specific CCDs as reported by mental health patients. Maladi nanm and maladi zonbi represent alternative explanatory models of anxiety and depression in which the sufferer views mental illness as stemming from a sent spirit, or spirit which is intentionally sent supernaturally with the intent to cause harm. Maladi lalin is experienced by patients with bipolar disorder who associate cycles of mania and depression as in-sync with the phases of the moon. Understanding culture-bound forms of mental distress in settings such as Haiti is essential to developing accurate psychometrics for measuring mental health, as well as ensuring culturally appropriate and effective diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%