Construct validity of Williams' ostracism needs threat scale

Gerber, J. P.; Chang, Si-Hua; Reimel, Hannah

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.008

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…the MDMA group is no less or more sensitive). It is also possible that the absence of any effect of group on the Cyberball needs measures (self-esteem, meaningful existence, sense of belonging, and control) are due to the questions fitting a two-factor structure, rather than the current four-factor structure, as recently suggested (Gerber et al, 2017). Nonetheless, if chronic MDMA use causes serotonergic dysfunction and/or changes in psychological wellbeing, then this may only occur at high, repeated doses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Greater empathy in MDMA users

et al. 2019

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Background: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is widely known for its positive acute effects on social behaviour, such as increasing empathy, whilst also attenuating the negative impact of social exclusion. However there is a scarcity of research that investigates the long-term impact of recreational MDMA use on these fundamental social processes. Method: Sixty-seven individuals were split into three groups based on their drug-use history: poly-drug MDMA users (n = 25), poly-drug users who do not use MDMA (n = 19), alcohol-only users (n = 23), and were tested in an independent groups design. Participants completed both a self-report measure of emotional and cognitive empathy, along with the Multifaceted Empathy Task – a computerised assessment of empathy – and the Cyberball Game – a social exclusion paradigm. Results: MDMA users had significantly greater subjective emotional empathy, and greater cognitive empathy on the computer task compared with the poly-drug users who do not use MDMA. There were no significant differences in subjective responses to social exclusion between the groups. Indices of MDMA use did not correlate with empathy. Conclusions: Long-term MDMA users in this sample exhibited normal psychosocial functioning in regard to empathy and social pain and had higher subjective emotional empathy. This conflicts with previous suggestions that moderate, long-term MDMA use may cause heightened social distress, and is further evidence of the safety of the drug, which is relevant to considerations of its therapeutic use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Greater empathy in MDMA users

et al. 2019

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“…Researchers have argued that because humans depended on social relationships for their survival, the species likely evolved to detect the slightest cues that these relationships may be in danger, perhaps even becoming oversensitive (Kerr & Levine, 2008; Lieberman, 2013; Wesselmann, Nairne, & Williams, 2012). Regardless, when individuals detect they are being rejected or ignored, they immediately experience myriad negative outcomes, such as pain, negative affect, threatened psychological needs, and physiological outcomes common when one perceives a threat (Bernstein, 2016; Gerber, Chang, & Reimel, 2016; Williams, 2009). Generally, these negative effects are resistant to moderation by individual differences (Williams, 2009; but see Boyes & French, 2009; Rudert & Greifeneder, 2016; Wesselmann, Wirth, Mroczek, & Williams, 2012, for exceptions), suggesting that ostracism may represent a strong situation in which most individuals respond uniformly (McDonald & Donnellan, 2012).…”

Section: Ostracism: the Social Death Penalty In Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social life and social death: Inclusion, ostracism, and rejection in groups

Wesselmann

Williams

2017

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Humans are social animals and they depend upon social relationships to fortify their physical and psychological well-being. Various types of social experiences can threaten these relationships, making individuals feel excluded: separated from others physically or emotionally. Social exclusion experiences can be further broken down into two subcategories: rejection- and ostracism-based experiences. We provide a brief summary of the research on social exclusion, rejection, and ostracism, focusing particularly on theory and research on ostracism, given that is the primary focus of our research programs. We close with some key suggestions on how future research on different types of social exclusion can become increasingly integrated theoretically.

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“…We expect it to fit in well with the rest of the SR-T scale as it is a translation of the fifth item of the final English SR-T (Schmalbach et al, unpublished). To evaluate existential needs, we used a translation of the Need Threat Scale (NTS; 12 items; Gerber et al, 2017). It uses three items each to assess threats to an individuals’ belonging (ω = 0.468), control (ω = 0.717), meaningful existence (ω = 0.788), and self-esteem (ω = 0.534).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tool for Assessing the Experience of Shared Reality: Validation of the German SR-T

2019

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Humans are highly motivated to achieve shared reality – common inner states (i.e., judgments, opinions, attitudes) with others about a target object. Scholarly interest in the phenomenon has been rapidly growing over the last decade, culminating in the development of a five-item self-report scale for Shared Reality about a Target (SR-T; Schmalbach, Rossignac-Milon, Keller, Higgins, and Echterhoff, unpublished). The present study aims to validate the German version of the scale. Individuals can establish shared reality either by receiving social verification (i.e., agreement or confirmation from an interaction partner) or by aligning their inner state with that of their partner. To increase the scope of the present validation, we implemented both pathways of shared-reality creation in three studies ( N = 522). Study 1 employed a social judgment task, in which participants assessed ambiguous social situations and received confirming (vs. disconfirming) feedback from their partner. Studies 2 and 3 build on the saying-is-believing paradigm, in which participants align their own evaluation of the target with their partner’s judgment. Based on an evaluatively ambiguous description, participants communicated about a target person and later recalled information about the target (Study 2). To further generalize the findings, message production was omitted from the paradigm in Study 3. Overall, the five-item model of the SR-T evinced good fit and reliability. In Study 1, the SR-T reflected experimentally induced differences in commonality of judgments– even when controlling for several related state measures, such as Inclusion of Other in the Self and Need Threat. In Studies 2 and 3, the SR-T predicted participants’ evaluative recall bias, which is an established, indirect index of communicators’ shared-reality creation. This effect was stronger when participants overtly communicated with their study partner, but it still emerged without overt communication. Across all studies, correlations with related constructs support the convergent validity of the SR-T. In sum, we recommend the use of the SR-T in research on interpersonal processes and communication.

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Construct validity of Williams' ostracism needs threat scale

Cited by 48 publications

References 14 publications

Greater empathy in MDMA users

Greater empathy in MDMA users

Social life and social death: Inclusion, ostracism, and rejection in groups

A Tool for Assessing the Experience of Shared Reality: Validation of the German SR-T

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