Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Domestic Grey Water: An Instrument of the Green Economy to Realize the Millennium Development Goals

Poyyamoli, G.; Edwin, Golda A.; Muthu, Nandhivarman

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1969-9_27

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…GW reuse is increasingly emerging as an integral part of water demand management, providing water for non-potable residential and industrial use (EA Report 2001). Moreover, the economics of wastewater management and treatment have become a crucial topic of discussion due to the following reasons (Poyyamoli et al 2013):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standards for GW reuse were suggested by the central pollution control board (CPCB) and are presented in Table 1 along with the existing WHO and USEPA standards. Gray water characteristics also vary according to its origin and for this reason; the least contaminated sources of household gray water should be prioritized for reuse. The literature data reveal that GW from bathroom sources accounts for about 50-60 percent of total GW (Loh and coghlan 2003;Poyyamoli et al 2013) and are contaminated with large quantities of oils, body fats and chemicals originating from soap, shampoo, hair dyes, toothpaste, nutrients and from other cleaning products. It also contains traces of fecal contamination (NSW 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also contains traces of fecal contamination (NSW 2007). The GW from laundry sources accounts for about 4 % of total GW (Loh and coghlan 2003) and all washing requirements account about 25-30 % of total GW (Poyyamoli et al 2013). It is generally more contaminated than bathroom GW (Jeppesen and Solley 1994;christova-Boal et al 1996) and may contain oils, trace elements and chemicals from detergents, soaps and nutrients and can also contain fecal contamination in traces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of domestic gray water from point source to determine the potential for urban residential reuse: a short review

2013

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This study aims to discern the domestic gray water (GW) sources that is least polluting, at the urban households of India, by examining the GW characteristics, comparing with literature data, reuse standards and suitable treatment technologies. In view of this, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of domestic GW originating from bath, wash basin, laundry and kitchen sources are determined and compared with established standards for reuse requirements. Quality of different gray water sources is characterized with respect to the physical, chemical, biological, nutrient, ground element and heavy metal properties. The pollutant loads indicate that the diversion techniques are not suitable for household application and, therefore, treatment is necessary prior to storage and reuse. It is observed that the total volume of GW generated exceeds the reuse requirement for suggested reuse such as for flushing and gardening/irrigation. In spite of generating less volume, the kitchen source is found to be the major contributor for most of the pollutant load and, therefore, not recommended to be considered for treatment. It is concluded that treatment of GW from bathroom source alone is sufficient to meet the onsite reuse requirements and thereby significantly reduce the potable water consumption by 28.5 %. Constructed wetland systems and constructed soil filters are suggested as suitable treatment alternatives owing to its ability to treat highly variable pollutant load with lower operational and maintenance cost, which is more practical for tropical and developing countries. Keywords Gray water composition Á Gray water treatment Á Water treatment technologies Á Urban water reuse Á Domestic gray water

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of domestic gray water from point source to determine the potential for urban residential reuse: a short review

2013

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“…In this research, a nomenclature based on an alphabetical index is used to differentiate the GW origin. 10% [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Class D (DGW)…”

Section: Greywater Classification Parameters and Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laundry & all other washing required spaces Laundry soap, bleaches, oils, paints, solvents, non-biodegradable fibers from clothing, and microplastics. 25 -30% [31,32] The GW characteristics vary according to their origin [33]. The largest source of GW, with the least contamination, is Class A (light greywater).…”

Section: Greywater Classification Parameters and Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staircase Wetlands for the Treatment of Greywater and the Effect of Greywater on Soil Biodiversity

Qadir¹,

Pino²,

Brambilla³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fresh water is an increasingly scarce resource in both urban and rural developments. As a response to this challenge, non-potable water reuse is on the rise. This research explored a potential off-grid system for water purification, consisting of a staircase wetland with terracotta pot plants working as a filter for greywater. The study further investigated the physicochemical properties of the greywater and the soil before and after the wetland purification. Results showed that the filtered water satisfied all requirements for water reuse, e.g., pH, turbidity, and total coliforms. The research then uniquely investigated the effect of greywater on the soil biodiversity and soil biomass using soil DNA extraction and the tea bag index testing method. The filtered greywater absorbed by soil decomposed the soil faster and stabilized it better compared to tap water-absorbed soil or unfiltered greywater. The DNA generation sequencing revealed no significant differences in alpha diversity between control and treatment samples. The beta diversity differences were significant. This nature-based solution can lead to reduced load on the sewage system, resulting in less wastewater generation.

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Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Grey Water in Campus Premises

Edwin

Poyyamoli

Nandhivarman

et al. 2015

World Sustainability Series

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Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Domestic Grey Water: An Instrument of the Green Economy to Realize the Millennium Development Goals

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization of domestic gray water from point source to determine the potential for urban residential reuse: a short review

Characterization of domestic gray water from point source to determine the potential for urban residential reuse: a short review

Staircase Wetlands for the Treatment of Greywater and the Effect of Greywater on Soil Biodiversity

Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Grey Water in Campus Premises

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