Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Ash Pond Seepage

Brodie, Gregory A.; Hammer, Donald A.; Tomljanovich, D.A.

doi:10.1201/9781003069850-19

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Textile wastewater [177] 1979 Fish rearing pond discharge [178] 1982 Acid mine drainage [179,180] 1983 Urban stormwater runoff [99] 1983 Rubber industry effluent [142] 1985 Dairy wastewater [41] 1986 Seepage from piled pig muck [181] 1986 Ash pond seepage [182] 1987 Thermally affected wastewater [183] 1988…”

Section: Year Wastewater Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Historical Development of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Vymazal

2022

Land

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment are engineered systems that are designed and operated in order to use all natural processes involved in the removal of pollutants from wastewaters. CWs are designed to take advantage of many of the same processes that occur in natural wetlands, but do so within a more controlled environment. The basic classification is based on the presence/absence of wastewater on the wetland surface. The subsurface flow of CWs can be classified according to the direction of the flow to horizontal and vertical. The combination of various types of CWs is called hybrid CW. The CWs technology began in the 1950s in Germany, but the major extension across the world occurred during the 1990s and early 2000s. The early CWs in Germany were designed as hybrid CWs; however, during the 1970s and 1980s, horizontal subsurface flow CWs were mostly designed. The stricter limits for nitrogen, and especially ammonia, applied in Europe during the 1990s, brought more attention to vertical subsurface flow and hybrid systems. Constructed wetlands have been used to treat various types of wastewater, including sewage, industrial and agricultural wastewaters, various drainage and runoff waters and landfill leachate. Recently, more attention has also been paid to constructed treatment wetlands as part of a circular economy in the urban environments: it is clear that CWs are a good fit for the new concept of sponge cities.

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Section: Year Wastewater Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Historical Development of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Vymazal

2022

Land

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Evidence for Coal Ash Ponds Leaking in the Southeastern United States

Harkness

Sulkin²,

Vengosh

2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Coal combustion residuals (CCRs), the largest industrial waste in the United States, are mainly stored in surface impoundments and landfills. Here, we examine the geochemistry of seeps and surface water from seven sites and shallow groundwater from 15 sites in five states (Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, Virginia, and North Carolina) to evaluate possible leaking from coal ash ponds. The assessment for groundwater impacts at the 14 sites in North Carolina was based on state-archived monitoring well data. Boron and strontium exceeded background values of 100 and 150 μg/L, respectively, at all sites, and the high concentrations were associated with low δ(11)B (-9‰ to +8‰) and radiogenic (87)Sr/(86)Sr (0.7070 to 0.7120) isotopic fingerprints that are characteristic of coal ash at all but one site. Concentrations of CCR contaminants, including SO4, Ca, Mn, Fe, Se, As, Mo, and V above background levels, were also identified at all sites, but contamination levels above drinking water and ecological standards were observed in 10 out of 24 samples of impacted surface water. Out of 165 monitoring wells, 65 were impacted with high B levels and 49 had high CCR-contaminant levels. Distinct isotope fingerprints, combined with elevated levels of CCR tracers, provide strong evidence for the leaking of coal ash ponds to adjacent surface water and shallow groundwater. Given the large number of coal ash impoundments throughout the United States, the systematic evidence for leaking of coal ash ponds shown in this study highlights potential environmental risks from unlined coal ash ponds.

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Bioremediation of acid mine water utilising red mud and Desulfotomaculum nigrificans

Chockalingam

Subramanian

Braun

2010

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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The efficiency of red mud as an adsorbent for the removal of metal ions and sulphate from synthetic acid mine water was assessed. Almost complete removal of Fe 2z (98%), Fe 3z (99%) and Cu 2z (97%) and a significant removal of Zn 2z (84%) was achieved from acid mine water at pH 2?3. However, only about 27% of sulphate reduction could be attained. A noteworthy feature was the concomitant increase in pH from 2?3 to 7?6 with the increase in red mud loading under appropriate conditions. The adsorption isotherms adhered to Freundlich and Langmuir relationships and were endothermic in nature. The free energy of the adsorption process was found to be negative attesting to the feasibility of the reaction. The adsorption kinetics followed the first order Lagergren rate equation. The filtrate obtained after treatment of red mud with synthetic acid mine water supplemented with carbon and nitrogen sources served as a successful growth medium for the sulphate reducing bacteria, namely Desulfotomaculum nigrificans (Dsm. nigrificans). Bacterial growth studies indicated that about 22, 41 and 52% of sulphate reduction could be achieved at initial pH values of 5, 6?1 and 7?2 respectively. The pretreatment of the acid mine water with red mud followed by bioremoval using Dsm. nigrificans resulted in about 27, 47 and 62% of sulphate removal at initial pH values of 5, 6?1 and 7?2 respectively, cumulatively by adsorption and bioreduction. The mechanisms of metal ion removal utilising red mud and sulphate reduction using Dsm. nigrificans are discussed.

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Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Ash Pond Seepage

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Historical Development of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

The Historical Development of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Evidence for Coal Ash Ponds Leaking in the Southeastern United States

Bioremediation of acid mine water utilising red mud and Desulfotomaculum nigrificans

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