Constructing a High-Accuracy Geometric Model for Moon-Based Earth Observation

Ding, Yixing; Guo, Huadong; Liu, Guang; Chen, Rensheng; Shang, Haolu; Ruan, Zhixing; Lv, Mingyang

doi:10.3390/rs11222611

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The unit position vectors of A 1 , A 2 , P, and O m are expressed as l1 , l2 , lp , and lm . R 0 is achievable through obtainable ephemeris, e.g., DE 430, and additional matrix rotation transformation related to Earth centered inertial coordinate system; the three rotation angles come from libration [23].…”

Section: Decomposition Of Spatial Baselinementioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Analysis of the Spatial Baseline for Moon-Based SAR Cross-Track Interferometry

Chen

Guo

Dong

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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The vast Moon surface, lower thermal environment, predictable orbit, and long distance of Earth-Moon centroid have provided long-term, large-scale, unique, stable, and many other advantages for Moon-based Earth observation, including the synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Compared with the space-borne method, the Moon-based cross-track interferometry (MB-CTI) that works in one transmitter dual-receiver mode undoubtedly not only has larger coverage at single gaze but also has stable baseline. Relatively speaking, the changeable baseline of representative Moon-based repeat-track interferometry has deteriorated its coherent pairs without full use of revisit even in month span. However, the constant baseline of MB-CTI concretizes the relatively regular, stable, and latitude difference sensitive effective vertical baseline (EVB) throughout long Earth-Moon periodic motion. The closely distributed MB-CTI make it more similar to monostatic ways, and two poles where permanent shadow area exists can provide EVB close to diameter, thus increasing coherence possibility and related height measurement accuracy. Common part between two received spectrums contains necessary interference information. The flat region of interested (e.g., Amazon Plain) at low latitude is not preferred for MB-CTI, yet exactly the opposite while in mid-and high-latitude area (e.g., Arctic land, Tibet Plateau, and Antarctic land). A larger incident angle range or ratio of band to frequency uplift valid coherence pairs where lay-over or shadow happen because of complicate topography; meanwhile, regions tilted away Moon with slope larger than incident is more likely to be in decoherence. The defined spatial geometry has provided guidance for the application of MB-CTI in the future.

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Section: Decomposition Of Spatial Baselinementioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Analysis of the Spatial Baseline for Moon-Based SAR Cross-Track Interferometry

Chen

Guo

Dong

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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“…As the only natural satellite of Earth, the Moon's unique rotation and revolution laws make it as a stable platform for the Earth observation with long-term and large-scale characteristics [3,4], which has an advantage over the space-born SAR platform [5][6][7]. Accordingly, the MBS would be a reliable supplement to the existing remote sensing system [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Feasibility Analysis of Fast Back-Projection Algorithm for Moon-Based SAR in Time Domain

et al. 2022

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Nowadays, the Earth observation based on the Moon has attracted attention from many researchers and relevant departments. There also exists a considerable amount of interest in monitoring large-scale and long-term geoscience phenomena using the Moon-based SAR (MBS). However, the Earth’s observation from MBS has long transmission time, and the relative motion of MBS with its Earth ground target (EGT) is much different to the space-borne SAR, the above reasons indicate that the traditional stop-and-go model is no longer suitable for MBS in frequency domain imaging. Here a dual-path separate calculation method for single pulse is presented in this paper for a better match of a real scenario, and then the slant range is fitted to a high-order polynomial series. The MBS’s location, the synthetic aperture time and other factors have effects on length of the dual- path and fit bias. Without thoroughly investigated phase de-correlation processing in frequency domain, and to avoid computational costs in traditional back-projection (BP) algorithm, the paper first proposes a fast back-projection (FBP) algorithm in time domain for MBS, a platform that has long transmission time and long synthetic aperture time. In the FBP algorithm, the original method, that projected echo on all pixels in the imaging area, is changed to projected echo on a centerline instead. A suitable interpolation for points on the centerline is adopted to reduce the projected error; the synthetic aperture length and imaging area are also divided into subsections to reduce computation cost. The formula indicates that the range error could be control once the product of sub-imaging area’s length and sub-aperture’s length stay constant. Through the theoretical analysis, the detailed range difference mainly at apogee, perigee, ascending, and descending nodes indicate the necessity to separately calculate the dual-path for MBS’s single pulse transmission in Earth-Moon motion, with real ephemeris been adopted; then, the high-order polynomial fitting will better describe the motion trajectory. Lastly, the FBP algorithm proposed is simulated in a specific scenario under acceptable resolution, and the result shows show its feasibility for image compression.

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“…Whether the mission objective is to obtain an image of the Earth or to measure the Earth's outgoing energy, the sensor must be able to observe the whole Earth for as long as possible. The literature shows that most places on the nearside of the Moon have 100% temporal coverage of the whole Earth disc except the edge areas [14]. The visibility of the lunar polar area from Earth, especially the lunar south pole area, has not yet been investigated in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Topography on the Site Selection of a Moon-Based Earth Observation Station

Chen

Guo

Ding

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The Moon provides a long-term, stable, and unique location for Earth observation. Several space agencies, such as NASA, ESA, and CNSA, have conducted lunar explorations. To build a Moon-based observation station, site selection is the first step. The time coverage of Earth observation, e.g., the whole Earth disc observation or Earth-related plasmasphere and magnetosphere, the duration of sunlight coverage, and topography (i.e., slope) are the three major factors influencing site selection, especially in the Moon’s south pole region. In this study, we used the Chang’E digital elevation model (DEM) together with Earth, Moon, and Sun positions deduced from JPL ephemeris for site selection. Two craters, Faustini and Shoemaker, were chosen for the fuzzy evaluation of these three factors based on a multiple-input single-output (MISO) model during a 19-year period. The results show that the edge regions of craters and small hills, potholes, or uplifts inside craters are unsuitable for a Moon-based observation station. The south pole area, including these two craters, has relatively low time coverage of sunlight and some unevenly distributed, permanent shadow areas. This indicates a low thermal environment for radiation protection, whereas the relatively flat topography and the ability to cover a field of view several times the Earth’s radius enable observations of the plasmasphere and magnetosphere.

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Constructing a High-Accuracy Geometric Model for Moon-Based Earth Observation

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Theoretical Analysis of the Spatial Baseline for Moon-Based SAR Cross-Track Interferometry

Theoretical Analysis of the Spatial Baseline for Moon-Based SAR Cross-Track Interferometry

Theoretical Feasibility Analysis of Fast Back-Projection Algorithm for Moon-Based SAR in Time Domain

Influence of Topography on the Site Selection of a Moon-Based Earth Observation Station

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