Constructing a longitudinal database of targeted regulation of abortion providers laws

Austin, Nichole

doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13185

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The TRAP laws index maps 3 state-level TRAP laws as recorded by Austin and Harper: ambulatory surgical center laws, admitting privileges, and transfer agreements (eTables 1 and 2 in the Supplement contain a detailed description of each law and its enforcement across US states during the study period). The index increases by 1 if a TRAP law is enforced and decreases by 1 if blocked.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The index begins in 1974 (the first full year in which abortions were legal in the United States) and ends in 2016 (last full year for which complete TRAP laws data are available). 12 Weighted and Unweighted Access Indices These state-level indices measure restrictions and burdensome requirements to reproductive care services between 2006 and 2017. 13 Both indices are derived from 17 categories defined by the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League (NARAL) and reported in their annual "Who Decides?"…”

Section: Targeted Regulation Of Abortion Providers (Trap) Laws Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between State-Level Access to Reproductive Care and Suicide Rates Among Women of Reproductive Age in the United States

et al. 2023

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ImportanceMany states in the United States enforce restrictions to reproductive care, with access to abortion remaining a highly divisive issue. Denial of abortion is linked with heightened stress and anxiety among reproductive-aged women. However, no studies have tested whether access to reproductive care is linked to suicide.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether state-level restrictions in access to reproductive care in the United States were associated with suicide rates among reproductive-aged women from 1974 to 2016.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA longitudinal ecologic study with a difference-in-differences analysis assessed whether annual changes in the enforcement of state-level restrictions to reproductive care were related to annual state-level suicide rates vs rates of death due to motor vehicle crashes. Duration of follow-up varied between different states (range, 4-40 years), contingent on the first year that restrictions were implemented. Models controlled for year and state fixed effects and other relevant demographic and economic factors. Analyses were conducted between December 2021 and January 2022.ExposuresTargeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) laws index measuring state-year–level restrictions to reproductive care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnnual state-level suicide rates and motor vehicle crash death rates among reproductive-aged women (ages 20-34 years; target group) vs women of postreproductive age (ages 45-64 years; control group).ResultsTwenty-one US states enforced at least 1 TRAP law between 1974 and 2016. Annual rates of death by suicide ranged from 1.4 to 25.6 per 100 000 women of reproductive age to 2.7 to 33.2 per 100 000 women of postreproductive age during the study period (1974-2016). Annual motor vehicle crash death rates among women of reproductive age ranged from 2.4 to 42.9 per 100 000. Enforcement of TRAP laws was associated with higher suicide rates among reproductive-aged women (β = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.32; P = .02) but not women of postreproductive age (β = 0.06; 95% CI, –0.11 to 0.24; P = .47) nor to deaths due to motor vehicle crashes (β = 0.03, 95% CI, –0.04 to 0.11; P = .36). Among reproductive-aged women, the weighted average annual-state level suicide death rate when no TRAP laws were enforced was 5.5 per 100 000. Enforcement of a TRAP law was associated with a 5.81% higher annual rate of suicide than in pre-enforcement years. Findings remained significant when using alternative, broader indices of reproductive care access and different age categorizations.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study with a difference-in-differences analysis of US women, restrictions on access to reproductive care from 1974 to 2016 were associated with suicide rates among reproductive-aged women. Given the limitations of the ecologic design of this study, further research is needed to assess whether current factors affecting access to reproductive care services are related to suicide risk among women of reproductive age and to inform suicide prevention strategies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Targeted Regulation Of Abortion Providers (Trap) Laws Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between State-Level Access to Reproductive Care and Suicide Rates Among Women of Reproductive Age in the United States

et al. 2023

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“…However, relying on cross-sectional legal measures limits our understanding of historical trends and the potential impact of legal changes on abortion access and other reproductive health outcomes over time. Some exceptions include an original longitudinal database of abortion-related laws from 1973-2013 (Kreitzer 2015), longitudinal data on abortion bills in 21 state legislatures from 1997-2012 (Reingold et al 2021), and a historical database of TRAP laws (targeted regulations of abortion providers) in the U.S. (Austin and Harper 2019). Our database most resembles Kreitzer's, with more recent data and some additional measures related to birth choice (e.g., licensing of DEMs), maternal health (e.g., maternal mortality review committees, or MMRCs), and healthcare quality (e.g., adverse event reporting systems).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sex Ed for Social Change (SIECUS) website (https://siecus.org/state-profiles/) was the source of statutes for sex education mandates. We obtained some historical data and statute numbers for TRAP laws by state from Nichole Austin (Austin and Harper 2019). We found guides to state adverse event reporting systems, with details on statutes for states that enacted these systems from the National Academy for State Health Policy (Hanlon et al 2014).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Undue Burdens: State Abortion Laws in the United States, 1994–2022

Roth

Lee

2023

Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law

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State laws have influenced access to abortion in the 50 years since Roe v. Wade. The 2022 Dobbs decision returned questions about the legality of abortion to the states, which increased the importance of state laws for abortion access. The objective of this study is to illustrate trends in abortion-restrictive and abortion-supportive state laws using a unique longitudinal database of reproductive health laws across the U.S. from 1994-2022. This study offers a descriptive analysis of historical trends in state-level pre-viability abortion bans, abortion method bans, efforts to dissuade abortion, TRAP laws (targeted regulation of abortion providers), other laws that restrict reproductive choice, and laws that expand abortion access and support reproductive health. Data sources included state statutes (from Nexis Uni) and secondary sources. The data reveal that pre-viability bans, including gestation-based and total bans, became significantly more prevalent over time. Other abortion-restrictive laws increased 1994-2022, but states also passed a growing number of laws that support reproductive health. Increasing polarization into abortion-restrictive and abortion-supportive states characterized the 1994-2022 period. These trends have implications for maternal and infant health and for racial-ethnic and income disparities.

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“…This decision allowed restrictions on abortion access during any portion of a pregnancy (Benshoof 1993). It also allowed legislation to target providers; consequently, targeted regulation of abortion provider (TRAP) laws emerged during the early part of the 21 st century, methodically closing abortion clinics by imposing unnecessary regulations on providers that waste clinic time and funding (Austin and Harper 2019;Young 2014). Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt ruled against certain TRAP laws in Texas in 2017, however it was limited in scope and may have reinforced notions of fetal personhood and abortion as dangerous (Goodwin 2017;Morrison 2016).…”

Section: Historical Context Of Covid-19 Anti-abortion Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abortion as a Public Health Risk in COVID-19 Antiabortion Legislation

Carson

Carter

2023

Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law

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During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, twelve states banned or restricted abortion access under elective procedure restrictions. The rationale was preserving hospital capacity and personal protective equipment (PPE), however abortions commonly take place in clinics and use less PPE than childbirth. This paper investigates the discursive construction of abortions, the people who get them, and fetuses in this legislation. The authors collaborated to analyze 13 anti-abortion documents using an iterative process of thematic coding and memo-writing. Twenty-three percent of the legislation listed abortion as banned, whereas the remaining laws implied abortion within the terms “elective” or “non-essential.” Legislation used common anti-abortion tactics, such as trivialization of abortion, risk discourses, and constructions of motherhood and fetal personhood. Discourses delegitimized abortion providers and used quasi-medical justifications for banning abortion. Finally, legislation constructed abortion clinics as sites of contagion and waste, and consequently as risks to public health. Results highlight the vulnerability of abortion and the connection between abortion policy and other conservative policy, and gesture towards a strategic attempt to federally ban abortion. Thus, these findings have several implications for a post-Roe US and for various stakeholders wishing to increase abortion access.

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Constructing a longitudinal database of targeted regulation of abortion providers laws

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Association Between State-Level Access to Reproductive Care and Suicide Rates Among Women of Reproductive Age in the United States

Association Between State-Level Access to Reproductive Care and Suicide Rates Among Women of Reproductive Age in the United States

Undue Burdens: State Abortion Laws in the United States, 1994–2022

Abortion as a Public Health Risk in COVID-19 Antiabortion Legislation

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