Constructing a social subject

Hollin, Gregory

doi:10.1177/0952695114528189

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…In the 1970s, the mean IQ of individuals reported as diagnosed with autism was approximately 60 [61]. In retrospect, we now know that these were individuals with autism who had a co-morbidity of intellectual disability, since individuals with ASCs can have an IQ across the full possible range.…”

Section: Do We Conflate Asc and Intellectual Disability?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?

2020

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In a special issue that focuses on complex presentations related to Autism, we ask the question in this editorial whether an Autism Spectrum Condition without complexity is a disorder, or whether it represents human diversity? Much research into Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) over the years has focused on comparisons between neuro-typical people and people with Autism Spectrum Conditions. These comparisons have tended to draw attention to 'deficits' in cognitive abilities and descriptions of behaviours that are characterised as unwanted. Not surprisingly, this is reflected in the classification systems from the World Health Organisation and the American Psychiatric Association. Public opinion about ASC may be influenced by presentations in the media of those with ASC who also have intellectual disability. Given that diagnostic systems are intended to help us better understand conditions in order to seek improved outcomes, we propose a more constructive approach to descriptions that uses more positive language, and balances descriptions of deficits with research finding of strengths and differences. We propose that this will be more helpful to individuals on the Autism Spectrum, both in terms of individual self-view, but also in terms of how society views Autism Spectrum Conditions more positively. Commentary has also been made on guidance that has been adjusted for people with ASC in relation to the current COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Do We Conflate Asc and Intellectual Disability?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?

2020

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“…More crucially, the language of 'powerful methods' and the emphasis on AI in particular implies that, to the authorsand the desired readers -AI should be understood to lend a stronger valence of truth to the study's results than otherwise possible. When applied to studies such as this one, the rhetoric of AI as a powerful means of discovering 1 In fairness to these researchers, glossing over the complex history of autism as a concept is a practice autism researchers have long engaged in, frequently preferring (as most scientists prefer) a linear history of new, improved truths inexorably overtaking old falsehoods (Verhoeff 2013;Hollin 2014).…”

Section: Autism Algorithms and Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In fairness to these researchers, glossing over the complex history of autism as a concept is a practice autism researchers have long engaged in, frequently preferring (as most scientists prefer) a linear history of new, improved truths inexorably overtaking old falsehoods (Verhoeff 2013; Hollin 2014). …”

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confidence: 99%

Truth from the machine: artificial intelligence and the materialization of identity

Keyes

Hitzig

Blell

2021

Interdisciplinary Science Reviews

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Critics now articulate their worries about the technologies, social practices and mythologies that comprise Artificial Intelligence (AI) in many domains. In this paper, we investigate the intersection of two domains of criticism: identity and scientific knowledge. On one hand, critics of AI in public policy emphasise its potential to discriminate on the basis of identity. On the other hand, critics of AI in scientific realms worry about how it may reorient or disorient research practices and the progression of scientific inquiry. We link the two sets of concerns-around identity and around knowledge-through a series of case studies. In our case studies, about autism and homosexuality, AI figures as part of scientific attempts to find, and fix, forms of identity. Our case studies are instructive: they show that when AI is deployed in scientific research about identity and personality, it can naturalise and reinforce biases. The identity-based and epistemic concerns about AI are not distinct. When AI is seen as a source of truth and scientific knowledge, it may lend public legitimacy to harmful ideas about identity.

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“…8 Other authors have stressed the external factors that influence how autism has been The metamorphosis of autism 4 described and thought about by researchers, parents, autistic people and others. 9 All of this work has highlighted the fact that autism is not, by any stretch of the imagination, a simple disease category. This fact has, in some ways, been echoed in scientific literature that now refers to 'the autisms' as a diverse group of psychological conditions with different causes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction

Evans¹

2017

The Metamorphosis of Autism

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Perceiving, describing and modelling child developmentAutism is an essential concept used in the description of child development and its variances. Yet the phenomenal success of autism diagnoses is relatively recent. Today, autistic spectrum disorder is regarded as a developmental condition with genetic and biochemical correlates that often persists into adulthood. In 2009, the Autism Act became the first ever 'disability-specific' legislation to be passed in the UK, demonstrating the significance of the autism diagnosis to reframing approaches to mental health care, social welfare provision and individual rights in the UK. In 2013, EU Aims, a major initiative to develop new treatments for autism, received the largest grant for any mental health problem in the whole of Europe, revealing the cultural capital and potential for revenue generation held by the diagnosis. All major works in developmental psychology, educational psychology, child psychiatry, and now adult mental health, discuss autism and its implications. Teachers, social workers, health visitors, general practitioners and other front-line service providers receive training on the signs and management of autism. Parent groups, self-advocates and others campaign, publish, blog and broadcast on their experiences of autism and make sure that autism awareness is raised and remains so. The literary world has also woken up to the significance of autism, with, for example, Mark Haddon's Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time (2003) part of a growing genre of autism fiction in the English language. Other media and artistic representations of autism also flourish in Britain and abroad. 1 This is perhaps not surprising given the increasing number of children and adults who receive the diagnosis, or indeed who self-identify with it.A 2009 study by Simon Baron-Cohen and colleagues claimed the UK

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Constructing a social subject

Cited by 24 publications

References 69 publications

Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?

Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?

Truth from the machine: artificial intelligence and the materialization of identity

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