Constructing a triple network structure to prepare strong, tough, and mildew resistant soy protein adhesive

Xu, Yi; Han, Yanchun; Chen, Mingsong; Luo, Jing; Shi, Sheldon Q.; Li, Jianzhang; Gao, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108677

Cited by 84 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Compared with the control sample (0% CBE) spectrum, a new peak at 1050 cm −1 in the sample 4% CBE was observed which was attributable to ester bonds and the characteristic peak of the epoxy group almost disappeared at 850 cm −1 and 910 cm −1 . These suggested that the epoxy group in CBE reacted with polarity groups in soybean protein to form the ether linkage and further form a cross-linked structure [ 2 ]. In addition, the epoxy group peaks (850 cm −1 and 910 cm −1 ) were observed in 8% CBE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural wood is characterized by its sustainable and eco-friendly and has been widely used by human beings as a structural material for thousands of years in the world. Recently, natural wood has been widely replaced by wood-based composites (e.g., plywood) in interior and outdoor applications due to its weaknesses such as high water absorption, poor dimensional stability [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Adhesives/resins are a key factor in the manufacture of wood-based composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Eco-Friendly Wood Adhesive Consisting of Soybean Protein and Cardanol-Based Epoxy for Wood Based Composites

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Formaldehyde-derived wood adhesives have dominated in woody composites production up to now, while facing a significant challenge in non-renewable raw materials and the formaldehyde emission. To solve these problems, an eco-friendly soybean protein-based wood adhesive was explored via the addition of renewable cardanol based epoxy (CBE) as cross-linking agent. The curing mechanism and viscosity of the adhesives were investigated and the bonding performance was evaluated with three-ply plywood. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of new ether linkages and the consumption of epoxy groups in the cured adhesives, thereby improving the thermal stabilities and cohesion. Plywood bonded with the CBE-modified soybean protein-based adhesive reached the maximum wet shear strength of 1.11 MPa (4 wt.% CBE addition), a 48% increase compared to the control, whereas the viscosity of adhesive decreased by 68.2%. The wet shear strength of the plywood met the requirements of the Chinese National Standard GB/T 9846-2015 for interior plywood application. The formaldehyde-free adhesive with excellent water resistance adhesiveness performance shows great potential in woody composites as an alternative to formaldehyde derived wood adhesives.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eco-Friendly Wood Adhesive Consisting of Soybean Protein and Cardanol-Based Epoxy for Wood Based Composites

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…The HPM adhesive had a DS of 0.97 MPa and a WS of 0.57 MPa. After adding papain, the HPMP was broken down into polypeptide, the DS and WS of plywood with HPM-papain adhesive were reduced by 10.3% (0.87 MPa) and 40.4% (0.34 MPa) [ 24 ]. The ordered structure of native HPMP was denatured as SDS concentration increased, so the DS and WS of HPM-SDS adhesive were significantly increased by 61.9% (1.57 MPa) and 24.6% (0.74 MPa).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viscosity is an important physical property related directly to the flowability of adhesives, and the optimal viscosity of wood adhesives is between 5000 and 25000 mPa·s [ 24 ]. HPM adhesive demonstrates over-penetration ( Figure 6 ) in the application process because of its low viscosity (4378 mPa·s) [ 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Denaturants on the Properties of a Hot-Pressed Peanut Meal-Based Adhesive

Guo

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Plant protein-based adhesives could fundamentally solve the problem of formaldehyde-based adhesive releasing formaldehyde, but enhancing bonding strength and water resistance is a necessary measure to realize practical applications. In this study, the effects of different denaturants on the properties of a hot-pressed peanut meal (HPM)-based adhesive before and after crosslinking were studied. Papain, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), urea and crosslinker-polyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) were used to prepare HPM-based adhesives. The functional groups, bonding strength, thermal behaviors, mass loss, moisture uptake value, viscosity and fracture surface of adhesive samples were analyzed. As a result, (1) papain was used to break HPM protein (HPMP) into polypeptide chains and to reduce the water resistance. (2) SDS and urea unfold the HPMP molecule and expose internal hydrophobic groups to improve the water resistance of the adhesive. (3) A denser network structure was formed by PAE and HPMP molecules, which significantly improved the bonding strength and water resistance of adhesives. In particular, after SDS denaturation and PAE crosslinking, compared with pure HPM adhesive, the wet shear strength increased by 96.4%, the mass loss and moisture uptake value reduced by 41.4% and 69.4%, and viscosity increased by 30.4%. This work provided an essential guide to design and prepare HPM-based adhesives.

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“…An organic–inorganic adhesive with three-level interpenetrating network structure was obtained based on the crosslinking and synergistic interaction between triglyceride, waterglass and polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate ripolyglycerol, and waterglass and polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate [ 18 ]. Soybean protein was hydrolyzed into peptides by bromelase, and then, a close triple-network structure was constructed with 1,2,3-propanetriol-diglycidyl-ether, tannic acid, and Zn 2+ [ 19 ]. Notably, they all involved complex crosslinking reactions and chemical modification, which made them expensive and time-consuming, and could not meet the requirements of practical application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Plant Protein Adhesives with Strong Bonding Strength and Water Resistance

Guo

Huang

et al. 2022

Foods

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Plant protein adhesive has received considerable attention because of their renewable raw material and no harmful substances such as formaldehyde. However, for the plant protein adhesive used in the field of plywood, low cost, strong water resistance, and high bonding strength were the necessary conditions for practical application. In this work, a double-network structure including hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds was built in hot-pressed peanut meal (HPM) protein (HPMP) adhesive, soybean meal (SBM) protein (SBMP) adhesive and cottonseed meal (CSM) protein (CSMP) adhesives. The ether bonds and ester bonds were the most in CSMP adhesive, followed by SBMP adhesive, while the hydrogen bond was the most in HPMP adhesive. The solubility of the HPMP, SBMP, and CSMP adhesives decreased by 14.3%, 24.2%, and 19.4%, the swelling rate decreased by 56.9%, 48.4%, and 78.5%, respectively. The boiling water strength (BWS) of HPMP (0.82 MPa), SBMP (0.92 MPa), and CSMP adhesives reached the bonding strength requirement of China National Standards class I plywood (type I, 0.7 MPa). The wet shear strength (WSS) of HPMP, SBMP, and CSMP adhesives increased by 334.5% (1.26 MPa), 246.3% (1.42 MPa), and 174.1% (1.59 MPa), respectively. This study provided a new theory and method for the development of eco-friendly plant meal protein adhesive and promotes the development of green adhesive.

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Constructing a triple network structure to prepare strong, tough, and mildew resistant soy protein adhesive

Cited by 84 publications

References 49 publications

An Eco-Friendly Wood Adhesive Consisting of Soybean Protein and Cardanol-Based Epoxy for Wood Based Composites

An Eco-Friendly Wood Adhesive Consisting of Soybean Protein and Cardanol-Based Epoxy for Wood Based Composites

Effects of Different Denaturants on the Properties of a Hot-Pressed Peanut Meal-Based Adhesive

Preparation and Characterization of Plant Protein Adhesives with Strong Bonding Strength and Water Resistance

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