Constructing an indicator of consumption for the analysis of poverty

Abstract

To present the results of the Living Standards Measurement Study with the least possible delay, the typescript of this paper has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

What difference does the choice of SES make in health inequality measurement?

“…Consumption is a better measure of living standards than income or expenditure, since it captures what households consume whether or not they purchase it or produce it themselves, and whether they finance it through current, future or past income [11]. We used pre-computed consumption aggregates except in the cases of Guatemala, the Philippines and Zambia, where we computed our own using as, far as possible, standard LSMS methodology [11,16]. In the case of Guatemala, the consumption data were somewhat limited, and in the case of China we had to make do with income data.…”

Method Data Envelopment Analysis for Estimating of Efficiency in Indication of Poverty

“…with lo wer and upper bounds, respectively, 0 and z 0 , where f(x) -density function of the distribution of annual income per capita, z 0 -the so-called "poverty line" (the minimu m subsistence level), and the weight function ω(x) -continuous, differentiab le, decreasing and convex downward on the interval [0, z 0 ] function (these properties are determined by the natural assumption that the transfer of money fro m poor to less poor will lead to the increase of indicator value (1)) [5].…”

Impact of fertility on objective and subjective poverty in Malawi

“…Second, in Malawi much of household income is derived from self-employed business or subsistence-oriented agricultural production. Assigning income values to the proceeds of these enterprises is often problematic (Hentschel and Lanjouw 1996). are based on income as a measure of welfare, and therefore they are not broad.…”