Constructing an uncertainty budget for voltage RMS measurement with a sampling voltmeter

Krajewski, M.

doi:10.1088/1681-7575/aaa178

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A Compact Data AcQuisition (DAQ) module NI-9206 was used to acquire the remaining signals, i.e., DC/AC voltages and currents. AC power was computed by instantaneous values of voltage and current, which were estimated from the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) [30] of the signals acquired by the clamp meter and differential probes. In particular, we used clamp meters connected to the digital oscilloscope for the AC currents Id1 and Id2, and we used differential probes for the AC voltages Vd1 and Vd2, where for the symbols in both cases, refer to Figure 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study for the Assessment of the Measurement Uncertainty Associated with Electric Powertrain Efficiency Using the Back-to-Back Direct Method

et al. 2018

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Brushless electric motors are used intensively in the industrial automation sector due to the motors low inertia and fast response. According to the International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60034-2-1, the efficiency of a three-phase electric machine (excluding machines for traction vehicles) can be determined by direct or indirect techniques. In the case of small traction motors (<10 kW), direct methods are used extensively by manufacturers, even if no standard has been published or scheduled by the IEC. In this paper, we evaluated the accuracy of the (direct) back-to-back method for the estimation of the energy performance of a 3 kW brushless AC electric motor used in a light electric vehicle. We measured the efficiencies of a pair of motors and inverters, as well as the overall efficiency of the entire power train. The results showed that the methodology was sufficiently accurate and comparable with other indirect methods available in existing literature. Moreover, we developed a Simulink model that used the powertrain efficiency map as the input to perform the simulation of a standard urban driving cycle. The simulation was run 500 times to calculate the probability density function associated with the total range of the vehicle, considering the uncertainty of the efficiency that was determined experimentally. The simulation results confirmed the low deviation of the distribution standard compared to the average value of the range of the vehicle.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study for the Assessment of the Measurement Uncertainty Associated with Electric Powertrain Efficiency Using the Back-to-Back Direct Method

et al. 2018

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“…Thus, the uncertainty budget must consider the gain error, depending on the selected settings. Table 3 shows the correlation [20].…”

Section: Gain Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary measurement method for the characterisation of impedance standard in the mΩ range

Rusanto

Seitz

Funck

et al. 2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Impedance standards having impedance values in the low mΩ range, with non-zero reactances, and operable with AC-currents of a few Amps and up to a few kHz are needed for appropriate impedance meter calibration. These challenging operation parameters are most relevant for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of high energy Li-ion battery cells. We present a primary measurement method that can be used for the characterisation of respective impedance standards traceable to the SI. Basically, two calibrated high precision DC voltage meters are used to sample the voltages across a characterised reference resistor and the impedance standard under test, while both are excited with the same ac current. The measured voltages are fitted with sin waves and the complex impedance value is calculated from the amplitudes and phase difference of the voltage curves. We present the measurement results of a test impedance in mΩ range, including a full uncertainty budget. Moduli of the measured impedances are compared with those of another method that has been presented recently. The results are equivalent up to 1 kHz and within a relative expanded uncertainty of around 0.47%.

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“…The definitions for electric power quantities under non-sinusoidal or unbalanced conditions are used according to [ 23 ] and studied in [ 24 ]. Appropriate signal processing treatment of the acquired AC voltage and current signals is followed according to [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] by synchronous digital synthesis and sampling.…”

Section: Uncertainty Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many authors are concerned with the measurement of active, apparent and non-active power including reactive power (see [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]) even of distorted alternating currents and voltages (see [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]), there is no literature on the evaluation of uncertainty in power measurement with harmonics or with a phase-fired current waveform as required by standard [ 3 ]. The evaluation of uncertainty due to synchronous sampling of digital multimeters has been discussed in depth in [ 13 , 14 ], but no study has been found in the literature on the sensitivity of power measurements to certain processing parameters, such as the integration of the signals at a time other than the full period, nor the influence of the synchronization errors between the two DMMs on the power measurement, nor the method of signal integration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of On-Board Energy Measurement Systems Installed in Locomotives for AC Distorted Current and High Voltage Waveforms and Determination of Its Uncertainty Budget

Khamlichi

Garnacho

Simón

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Periodic calibrations of Energy Measurement Systems (EMS) installed in locomotives must be carried out to demonstrate the required accuracy established in the EN 50463-2 standard according to European Parliament and Council Directive 2008/57/EC on the interoperability of rail systems within the Community. As a result of the work performed in the “MyRailS” EURAMET project an AC calibration facility was developed consisting of a fictive power source was developed. This fictive power source can generate distorted sinusoidal voltages up to 25 kV-50 Hz and 15 kV-16.7 Hz as well as distorted sinusoidal currents up to 500 A with harmonic content up to 5 kHz or phase-fired current waveform stated in EN50463-2 standard. These waveforms are representative of those that appear during periods of acceleration and breaking of the train. Reference measuring systems have been designed and built consisting of high voltage and high current transducers adapted to multimeters, which function as digital recorders to acquire synchronized voltage and current signals. An approved procedure has been developed and an in-depth uncertainty analysis has been performed to achieve a set of uncertainty formulas considering the influence parameters. Different influence parameters have been analyzed to evaluate uncertainty contributions for each quantity to be measured: rms voltage, rms current, active power, apparent power and non-active power of distorted voltage and current waveforms. The resulting calculated global expanded uncertainty for the developed Energy Measuring Function calibration set up has been better than 0.5% for distorted waveforms. This paper is focused on presenting the complete set of expressions and formulas developed for the different influence parameters, necessary for uncertainty budget calculation of an Energy Measuring Function calibration.

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Constructing an uncertainty budget for voltage RMS measurement with a sampling voltmeter

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Experimental Study for the Assessment of the Measurement Uncertainty Associated with Electric Powertrain Efficiency Using the Back-to-Back Direct Method

Experimental Study for the Assessment of the Measurement Uncertainty Associated with Electric Powertrain Efficiency Using the Back-to-Back Direct Method

Primary measurement method for the characterisation of impedance standard in the mΩ range

Calibration of On-Board Energy Measurement Systems Installed in Locomotives for AC Distorted Current and High Voltage Waveforms and Determination of Its Uncertainty Budget

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